11 Ectomycorrhiza-Specific Gene Expression

Kothe, Erika; Schlunk, Ines; Senftleben, Dominik; Krause, Katrin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36821-9_11

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Based on the interaction, the plant benefits from mineral supply, resistance against pathogens, growth promotion and increased metal tolerance, whereas the fungus is supported with growth promoting factors, vitamins and up to 30% of net photosynthetic carbohydrates (for review [2]). More than 50% of the mRNAs were differentially expressed upon host interaction in Pisolithus tinctorius [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signaling involved in host recognition, e.g. by abietic acid, oligopeptides, phytohormones, volatiles, and hydrophobins, has been discussed (for reviews, see [2, 4, 5] and citations therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 6,000 fungal species are estimated to form ECM, with the fungus functionally replaces root hairs by hyphae extending into the surrounding soil, coating the short roots with a pseudoparenchymatic mantle, and penetrating into the extracellular space to form the characteristic Hartig’ net, where the exchange of nutrients between both partners takes place (for review [2]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobins in the Life Cycle of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum

et al. 2016

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Hydrophobins—secreted small cysteine-rich, amphipathic proteins—foster interactions of fungal hyphae with hydrophobic surfaces, and are involved in the formation of aerial hyphae. Phylogenetic analyses of Tricholoma vaccinum hydrophobins showed a grouping with hydrophobins of other ectomycorrhizal fungi, which might be a result of co-evolution. Further analyses indicate angiosperms as likely host trees for the last common ancestor of the genus Tricholoma. The nine hydrophobin genes in the T. vaccinum genome were investigated to infer their individual roles in different stages of the life cycle, host interaction, asexual and sexual development, and with respect to different stresses. In aerial mycelium, hyd8 was up-regulated. In silico analysis predicted three packing arrangements, i.e., ring-like, plus-like and sheet-like structure for Hyd8; the first two may assemble to rodlets of hydrophobin covering aerial hyphae, whereas the third is expected to be involved in forming a two-dimensional network of hydrophobins. Metal stress induced hydrophobin gene hyd5. In early steps of mycorrhization, induction of hyd4 and hyd5 by plant root exudates and root volatiles could be shown, followed by hyd5 up-regulation during formation of mantle, Hartig’ net, and rhizomorphs with concomitant repression of hyd8 and hyd9. During fruiting body formation, mainly hyd3, but also hyd8 were induced. Host preference between the compatible host Picea abies and the low compatibility host Pinus sylvestris could be linked to a stronger induction of hyd4 and hyd5 by the preferred host and a stronger repression of hyd8, whereas the repression of hyd9 was comparable between the two hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobins in the Life Cycle of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum

et al. 2016

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Response to lead pollution: mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris forms the biomineral pyromorphite in roots and needles

Bizo

Nietzsche

Mansfeld

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The development of mycorrhized pine seedlings grown in the presence of lead was assessed in order to investigate how higher plants can tolerate lead pollution in the environment. Examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that Pb uptake was prominent in the roots, while a smaller amount was found in pine needles, which requires symplastic uptake and root-to-shoot transfer. Lead was concentrated in nanocrystalline aggregates attached to the cell wall and, according to elemental microanalyses, is associated with phosphorus and chlorine. The identification of the nanocrystalline phase in roots and needles was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction (μ-XRD), revealing the presence of pyromorphite, Pb[PO](Cl, OH), in both roots and needles. The extracellular embedding of pyromorphite within plant cell walls, featuring an indented appearance of the cell wall due to a callus-like outcrop of minerals, suggests a biogenic origin. This biomineralization is interpreted as a defense mechanism of the plant against lead pollution.

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Tricholoma vaccinumhost communication during ectomycorrhiza formation

Wagner

Linde

Krause

et al. 2015

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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The genome sequence of Tricholoma vaccinum was obtained to predict its secretome in order to elucidate communication of T. vaccinum with its host tree spruce (Picea abies) in interkingdom signaling. The most prominent protein domains within the 206 predicted secreted proteins belong to energy and nutrition (52%), cell wall degradation (19%) and mycorrhiza establishment (9%). Additionally, we found small secreted proteins that show typical features of effectors potentially involved in host communication. From the secretome, 22 proteins could be identified, two of which showed higher protein abundances after spruce root exudate exposure, while five were downregulated in this treatment. The changes in T. vaccinum protein excretion with first recognition of the partner were used to identify small secreted proteins with the potential to act as effectors in the mutually beneficial symbiosis. Our observations support the hypothesis of a complex communication network including a cocktail of communication molecules induced long before physical contact of the partners.

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11 Ectomycorrhiza-Specific Gene Expression

Cited by 3 publications

References 134 publications

Hydrophobins in the Life Cycle of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum

Hydrophobins in the Life Cycle of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum

Response to lead pollution: mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris forms the biomineral pyromorphite in roots and needles

Tricholoma vaccinumhost communication during ectomycorrhiza formation

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