2‐Mercaptoethanol Acts as a Potentiating Factor of Interleukin‐2‐Dependent Lymphocyte Proliferation

Sugama, Kazushige; Namba, Yoshiharu; Hatanaka, Masakazu; Hanaoka, Masao

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1987.tb03130.x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Since many researchers have observed that BME promoted cell growth and differentiation such as murine B cells (Sugama et al 1987), human marrow osteoprogenitor cells (Inui et al 1997) and fetal neurons (Ni et al 2001), high concentrations of BME can also induce cell shrinkage and apoptosis (Lu et al 2004). Therefore, the optimal concentration of BME on the growth and osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs in our study remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

β-mercaptoethanol promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells via sirt1-ERK pathway

et al. 2020

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Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) hold strong self-renewal capacity and low immunogenicity, which have attracted attention as potential candidates for bone repair and regeneration. However, insufficient osteogenic differentiation markedly hinders the clinical applications of hUMSCs. In the present study, the effect of b-mercaptoethanol (BME), a small molecule antioxidant which has been identified to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, on osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs and underlying signaling mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that under osteogenic induction conditions, BME treatment increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and promoted calcium mineralization in hUMSCs. The gene and protein expression of osteogenesisrelated markers such as ALP, osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type I (COLI) were also significantly up-regulated. Besides, BME promoted the protein expression of silent information regulator type 1 (sirt1) and stimulated the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), contributing to increased Runx2 expression. Furthermore, blocking the expression of sirt1 attenuated BME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs. These results indicated that BME accelerated osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs by activating the sirt1-ERK signaling pathway, thereby providing insights into the development of MSCs-based bone regeneration strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

β-mercaptoethanol promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells via sirt1-ERK pathway

et al. 2020

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“…These results indicate that the positive effects of adding 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture media of MSCs vary depending on cell passage number and is needed more with increasing cell passage number. its positive impact on increasing the proliferation of lymphocytes [11,12]. The exact mechanisms of how 2-Mercaptoethanol increases the survival and proliferation rate of cells have not been clarified yet, and it is proposed to be logically related to its ability to expunge toxic products [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2-Mercaptoethanol is a xenobiotic organosulfhydryl that has a powerful antioxidant ability to control the level of oxygen free radicals and prevent their toxic level [10][11][12]. The addition of 2-Mercaptoethanol to the cell culture medium was proposed 40 years ago to enhance the proliferation and survival of immune cells which is important to potentiate their immunological characteristics [11,12]. Nowadays, 2-Mercaptoethanol is routinely used in the cell culture media of many cell types whether they are adherent or suspended cells [8,10,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effect of using 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium of different cell passages of human mesenchymal stem cells

Ramada R. Khasawneh,

Ejlal Abu-El-Rub

2024

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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Preparing a suitable cell culture medium that supports the biological needs of the growing cells is crucial to enhancing the success rate of any in vitro and in vivo experiments and minimizing undesirable interferences. Mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) which are powerful regenerative stem cells require being grown in proper culture media to preserve their stemness and therapeutic properties. MSCs are usually grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle low glucose Medium (DMEM low glucose) which contains 5.6 mmol/L of glucose and is supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), antibiotics, and 2-Mercaptoethanol. The addition of 2-Mercaptoethanol to the cell culture medium was proposed long ago and has continued to be used until now. Despite the positive effects of adding 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium, its use is still controversial and needs continuous updates to limit its interference with experimental treatments. Herein, we found that 2-Mercaptoethanol is beneficial to enhancing the proliferation and survival of MSCs at higher passage numbers while its effect is negligible for earlier passages. This concise study provides updates regarding the suitable time to add 2-Mercaptoethanol which can minimize its intermeddling with the experimental design and treatments.

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“…Previous studies have reported that 2-mercaptoethanol has a major impact on the behavior of cultured lymphocytes (18,19) because it promotes cystine transport and enhances lymphocyte survival and proliferation, possibly by increasing IL-2 production (19)(20)(21). In the present studies, viable cell numbers were not substantially increased by the use of 2-mercaptoethanol although the percentage of blast cells was increased and blast cell formation has been noted as a key part of a mitogen-induced response by T lymphocytes in which cytokine production occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowding-dependent production of colony-stimulating factors by cultured syngeneic or allogeneic hematopoietic cells

Metcalf¹,

Rago²,

Mifsud³

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mitogenic stimulation in vitro of mouse T lymphocytes induces the production of the hematopoietic cytokines granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-3. The present experiments showed that simple crowding of murine spleen or lymph node cells was a sufficient inducing stimulus. Crowding did not have this consequence for thymus or marrow cells or spleen cells from nu/nu or Rag-1 −/− mice lacking T lymphocytes. Crowding for as short a period as 24 h was sufficient to allow subsequent cytokine production in sparse cultures. Purified T lymphocytes also exhibited low levels of crowding induction of cytokine production and cytokine production was enhanced by IL-2 and IFN-γ. However, IFN-γ−/− spleen cells exhibited similar crowding-induced colony-stimulating factor production to that of control spleen cells. Excess cell crowding inhibited cytokine production. This inhibition was not caused by receptor internalization of cytokines but may contribute to the failure to observe IL-3 production in lymphoid organs in vivo . Coculture of allogeneic spleen or peritoneal cells was a strong inducing signal for colony-stimulating factor production but this parameter was unable to detect autoreactivity of T lymphocytes in mice that lack suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and exhibit T lymphocyte activation.

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2‐Mercaptoethanol Acts as a Potentiating Factor of Interleukin‐2‐Dependent Lymphocyte Proliferation

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

β-mercaptoethanol promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells via sirt1-ERK pathway

β-mercaptoethanol promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells via sirt1-ERK pathway

Comparing the effect of using 2-Mercaptoethanol in the cell culture medium of different cell passages of human mesenchymal stem cells

Crowding-dependent production of colony-stimulating factors by cultured syngeneic or allogeneic hematopoietic cells

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