2003 Swiss Re Blood Pressure Study of Insured Lives

Pinkham, C. Allen; Ivanovic, B; Cumming, Marianne E.

doi:10.1080/10920277.2005.10596194

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…10 Increasing risk is also apparent for pulse pressure .K SBP in the 2003 Swiss Re study (all-cause mortality and insured lives) but only for SBP .140. 2 We were unable to find prior studies analyzing pulse pressure as a percent of SBP rather than as an absolute value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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2014 CRL Blood Pressure Study of Life Insurance Applicants

Fulks¹,

Dolan²,

Stout³

2015

Journal of Insurance Medicine

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Objective .- Define the relative mortality risk by systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a relatively healthy cohort split by age and sex with adjustment for smoking status, other findings and admitted heart disease history. Method .- Blood pressure (BP in mm Hg), build, laboratory studies and limited medical history are collected when people apply for individual life insurance. Information on 2,472,706 applicants tested by Clinical Reference Laboratory from 1993 to 2007 was utilized with follow-up for vital status using the September 2011 Social Security Death Master File identifying 31,033 deaths. Data was analyzed by SBP and DBP split by age and sex accounting for smoking and for BMI, urine protein/creatinine ratio and history of heart disease in a Cox multivariate survival analysis. Separate analysis by admitted hypertension history was also conducted. Results are presented by SBP and DBP for 4 age-sex groups with and without added covariates beyond age and smoking status. Results .- Relative mortality progressively increased by SBP level from the 90 to 119 band (down to 80 in younger women) upward with little additional impact by DBP. Addition of covariates beyond age and smoking resulted in a 5% to 10% reduction in relative risk. Although high DBP had limited impact, a pulse pressure/SBP ratio >½ identified 1% of applicants at high mortality risk, with little difference in risk for ratios ≤½. Hypertension history with current BP control was associated with a 10% to 25% increase in relative mortality risk as compared to those with similar BP but no such history. Conclusion .- Increasing SBP is closely associated with increasing relative mortality, starting from the lowest SBP. Increasing DBP has little additional impact, but a pulse pressure/SBP ratio >½ is a potent marker of increased risk as well. Accounting for build and other laboratory findings reduces risk modestly. A history of hypertension with current control increases risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…are the 1979 Build and Blood Pressure Study and the 2003 Swiss Re Blood Pressure Study. 1,2 However, that data is aging and, by necessity, excludes those insurance applicants not becoming or remaining insured.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

2014 CRL Blood Pressure Study of Life Insurance Applicants

Fulks¹,

Dolan²,

Stout³

2015

Journal of Insurance Medicine

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Gerber–Shiu analysis of a risk model with capital injections

Dickson

Qazvini

2016

Eur. Actuar. J.

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We consider the risk model with capital injections studied by Nie et al. (2011, 2015). We construct a Gerber-Shiu function and show that whilst this tool is not efficient for finding the ultimate ruin probability, it provides an effective way of studying ruin related quantities in finite time. In particular, we find a general expression for the joint distribution of the time of ruin and the number of claims until ruin, and find an extension of Prabhu's (1961) formula for the finite time survival probability in the classical risk model. We illustrate our results in the case of exponentially distributed claims and obtain some interesting identities. In particular, we generalise results from the classical risk model and prove the identity of two known formulae for that model.

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