2004 Indian Ocean tsunami flow velocity measurements from survivor videos

Fritz, Hermann M.; Borrero, José C.; Synolakis, Costas E.; Yoo, Jeseon

doi:10.1029/2006gl026784

Cited by 156 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A wide range of Reynolds number (Re ∼ 2.9 × 10 4 − 9 × 10 5 ) was obtained by varying the flow depth h over the platform (0.05, 0.1, 0.125 and 0.15 m) and the flow velocity (0.2, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.42 m s −1 ). The flow velocity corresponded to the tsunami onshore velocity of the order of 2-5 m s −1 in the field, as estimated by Fritz et al (2006).…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Properties Of Real and Parameterized Mangrove Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees

Strusińska-Correia¹,

Husrin

Oumeraci

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Tsunami attenuation by coastal vegetation was examined under laboratory conditions for mature mangroves Rhizophora sp. The developed novel tree parameterization concept, accounting for both bio-mechanical and structural tree properties, allowed to substitute the complex tree structure by a simplified tree model of identical hydraulic resistance. The most representative parameterized mangrove model was selected among the tested models with different frontal area and root density, based on hydraulic test results. The selected parameterized tree models were arranged in a forest model of different width and further tested systematically under varying incident tsunami conditions (solitary waves and tsunami bores). The damping performance of the forest models under these two flow regimes was compared in terms of wave height and force envelopes, wave transmission coefficient as well as drag and inertia coefficients. Unlike the previous studies, the results indicate a significant contribution of the foreshore topography to solitary wave energy reduction through wave breaking in comparison to that attributed to the forest itself. A similar rate of tsunami transmission (ca. 20%) was achieved for both flow conditions (solitary waves and tsunami bores) and the widest forest (75 m in prototype) investigated. Drag coefficient CD attributed to the solitary waves tends to be constant (CD = 1.5) over the investigated range of the Reynolds number

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Section: Hydrodynamic Properties Of Real and Parameterized Mangrove Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees

Strusińska-Correia¹,

Husrin

Oumeraci

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…But collection of empirical data in the aftermath of an event is usually not possible, unless indirect approaches are used. Fritz et al (2006) used survivor videos to conduct a cross-correlation based particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis to determine tsunami flow velocity. In the absence of such eyewitness documentation other, more simple approaches are needed.…”

Section: Ground Profiles Inundation Depths and Flow Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami vulnerability of buildings and people in South Java – field observations after the July 2006 Java tsunami

Reese

Cousins

Kaneko

et al. 2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

127

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Abstract.A team of scientists from New Zealand and Indonesia undertook a reconnaissance mission to the South Java area affected by the tsunami of 17 July 2006. The team used GPS-based surveying equipment to measure ground profiles and inundation depths along 17 transects across affected areas near the port city of Cilacap and the resort town of Pangandaran. The purpose of the work was to acquire data for calibration of models used to estimate tsunami inundations, casualty rates and damage levels. Additional information was gathered from interviews with eyewitnesses.The degree of damage observed was diverse, being primarily dependant on water depth and the building construction type. Water depths were typically 2 to 4 m where housing was seriously damaged. Damage levels ranged from total for older brick houses, to about 50% for newer buildings with rudimentary reinforced-concrete beams and columns, to 5-20% for engineered residential houses and multi-storey hotels with heavier RC columns. "Punchout" of weak brick walls was widespread. Despite various natural warning signs very few people were alerted to the impending tsunami. Hence, the death toll was significant, with average death and injury rates both being about 10% of the people exposed, for water depths of about 3 m.

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“…Remarkably neither a pile supported ferry wharf nor mooring dolphins for a power barge at Ulee Lheue were significantly damaged by the tsunami [18] despite the fact that the barge itself was deposited 4 km inland in a residential area. Fritz et al [23] deduced tsunami flow speeds of 2-4 m s −1 at inland sites by using particle tracking and image processing of videos shot in the streets of Banda Aceh, several kilometres from the shoreline.…”

Section: Events In the Modernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami currents in ports

Borrero

Lynett

Kalligeris

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Tsunami-induced currents present an obvious hazard to maritime activities and ports in particular. The historical record is replete with accounts from ship captains and harbour masters describing their fateful encounters with currents and surges caused by these destructive waves. Despite the well-known hazard, only since the trans-oceanic tsunamis of the early twenty-first century (2004, 2010 and 2011) have coastal and port engineering practitioners begun to develop port-specific warning and response products that accurately assess the effects of tsunami-induced currents in addition to overland flooding and inundation. The hazard from strong currents induced by far-field tsunami remains an underappreciated risk in the port and maritime community. In this paper, we will discuss the history of tsunami current observations in ports, look into the current state of the art in port tsunami hazard assessment and discuss future research trends.

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2004 Indian Ocean tsunami flow velocity measurements from survivor videos

Cited by 156 publications

References 16 publications

Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees

Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees

Tsunami vulnerability of buildings and people in South Java – field observations after the July 2006 Java tsunami

Tsunami currents in ports

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