21.4 A microfluidic-CMOS platform with 3D capacitive sensor and fully integrated transceiver IC for palmtop dielectric spectroscopy

Bakhshiani, Mehran; Suster, Michael A.; Mohseni, Pedram

doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7063088

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The throughput is limited by the reduced flow rate in a Poiseuille flow as the beads flow near the fluidic sidewalls, not the CMOS electronics. Such a throughput can be improved using the faceto-face electrodes instead of the coplanar ones [20]. Fig.…”

Section: Flow Cytometry Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, [19] integrates an on-chip coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission-line sensor with a broadband receiver for 1-50 GHz spectroscopy using S 21 measurements; Ref. [20] utilizes a similar approach at 9 MHz to 2.4 GHz with an integrated on-chip signal source; Ref. [21] measures the frequency shift of a sensing oscillator in a phase-locked loop (PLL) at 7-9 GHz; Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oscillator-Based Reactance Sensors With Injection Locking for High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Using Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy

Chien

Niknejad

2016

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This paper presents the analysis and design of oscillator-based reactance sensors employing injection locking for high-throughput label-free single-cell analysis using dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies. By injection-locking two sensing LC-oscillators with an I/Q excitation source, the measurement of the sample-induced frequency shift caused by the interaction with the electromagnetic fields is performed through phase detection with injection-strength-dependent transducer gain. Such inherent phase amplification offered by the injection locking not only relaxes the design requirement for the readout circuits but also maintains the highest rejection against common-mode errors associated with the drift of the supply voltage and the environmental parameters. To reduce flicker noise contribution, a chopping technique employing phase modulation is exploited. In addition, this paper presents a novel ping-pong chopping approach to alleviate chopping-induced dc offset. In this prototype, four sensing channels, covering frequencies between 6.5 and 30 GHz, are distributed along a microfluidic channel fabricated with standard photolithography. Measurements show that the proposed microwave capacitive sensors achieve a sub−aFrms of noise sensitivity at 100 kHz filtering bandwidth, enabling measurement throughput exceeding 1 k cells/s. The sensor prototype is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology and consumes 65 mW at 1 V supply.

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Section: Flow Cytometry Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Oscillator-Based Reactance Sensors With Injection Locking for High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Using Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy

Chien

Niknejad

2016

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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confidence: 99%

28.1 A handheld 50pM-sensitivity micro-NMR CMOS platform with B-field stabilization for multi-type biological/chemical assays

Lei¹,

Heidari²,

Mak³

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)

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Point-of-use (PoU) biological/chemical assays are aimed to transform bulky laboratory instruments into easy-to-use lab-on-a-chip platforms, bringing down the cost, size, and sample-use by orders of magnitude [1,2]. Micro-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a trail-blazing tool for target pinpointing, by utilizing functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the probe [3]. Screening by micro-NMR is repeatable, versatile and low-cost as it is label-and washingfree for the samples, and immobilization-free for the electrodes. Herein, a high-sensitivity micro-NMR CMOS platform with magnetic (B)-field stabilization and thermal management is reported (Fig. 28.1.1). This handheld tool unifies multi-type assays (target detection, protein state analysis, and solvent-polymer dynamics), and is suitable for healthcare, food industry, and colloidal applications.Micro-NMR relaxometry detects the spin-spin relaxation time (T 2 ) by extracting the echoes envelopes from the response of the non-zero spin nuclei (i.e., 1 H). The nuclei, under magnetization with a static magnetic field (B 0 ), absorb orthogonal RF exciting magnetic field (B 1 ) at the Larmor frequency, f L =γB 0 (γ: gyromagnetic ratio), and precess about the direction of magnetization at f L even after the cessation of the excitation. In an existing micro-NMR system [3], frequency deviation of the local oscillator (LO) from f L induces improper frequency excitation, paralyzing the operation. Confounded by the thermal instability of the portable magnet (B 0 =0.46T, T.C.=-1200ppm/K), LO tracking is essential to safeguard the system against environmental changes.Our micro-NMR platform ( Fig. 28.1.2) is tailored with B 0 -field stabilization and thermal management to enhance the robustness and simplify the hardware. The dynamic B 1 -field transduction is based on a spiral coil driven by a transmitter (TX)/receiver (RX) together with a matching capacitor C M , to excite/obtain the magnetic signal to/from the droplet samples (2.5μL) normal to the chip surface. The TX is based on a tapped inverter-chain power amplifier (PA), measured 31.6% power efficiency, to deliver programmable pulse sequences pertaining to the LO. The RX features a multi-stage low-noise amplifier (LNA) for high RX sensitivity (down to 1nV/√Hz input-referred-noise), and a dynamic-bandwidth lowpass filter for fast recovery from saturation after excitation pulses. The B 0 -field sensor and calibrator manage the lateral B 0 -field together with a current driver, which injects a calibration current to the magnet (75mT/A) stabilizing the bulk magnetization on the nuclei. The spiral coil also serves as a heater allowing thermal profiling of the samples. The thermal-induced error on the B 0 -field sensor and calibrator, and the hotness of the samples, are monitored by a BJT temperature sensor.To sense the lateral B 0 -field normal to the chip surface, a current-mode 4-folded vertical hall sensor (VHS) arranged in a Wheatstone bridge is employed (Fig. 28.1.3). Each VHS element is composed by an n-well as the...

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An RF/microwave microfluidic sensor for miniaturized dielectric spectroscopy based on sensor transmission characteristics

et al. 2015

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21.4 A microfluidic-CMOS platform with 3D capacitive sensor and fully integrated transceiver IC for palmtop dielectric spectroscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Oscillator-Based Reactance Sensors With Injection Locking for High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Using Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy

Oscillator-Based Reactance Sensors With Injection Locking for High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Using Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy

28.1 A handheld 50pM-sensitivity micro-NMR CMOS platform with B-field stabilization for multi-type biological/chemical assays

An RF/microwave microfluidic sensor for miniaturized dielectric spectroscopy based on sensor transmission characteristics

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