This research dealt with the equilibrium
solubility, preferential
solvation, and intra- and intermolecular interactions for 3,5-dinitrosalicylic
acid dissolved in aqueous blends of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
(NMP)/ethanol/isopropanol/N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF) along with computational methodologies. All solubility experiments
were performed using a shake-flask equilibration method under a pressure
of 101.2 kPa from 278.15 to 323.15 K. For each aqueous blend, the
minimum solubility value of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid was found in
water at 278.15 K, and the maximum one was found in neat organic solvent
at 323.15 K. The generated solubility was acceptably described by
mixture response surface, van’t Hoff–Jouyban–Acree,
modified Wilson and Jouyban–Acree model. The relative average
deviations were all no larger than 5.57%. The analysis of linear solvation
energy relationships demonstrated that the solvent descriptors of
dipolarity-polarizability and solubility parameter were principally
responsible for the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid solubility. Besides,
the solvation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid was studied quantitatively
by inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals. The positive values of
preferential solvation parameter for 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid in
middle and cosolvent-rich mixtures strongly suggest that 3,5-dinitrosalicylic
acid is preferentially solvated by NMP/ethanol/isopropanol/DMF. It
could be conjectured that in these composition regions, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic
acid served as Lewis acid in its interactions with surrounding NMP/ethanol/isopropanol/DMF
molecules.