3-Nitro-1-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (HANTT) and its energetic salts: highly thermally stable energetic materials with low sensitivity

Bian, Chengming; Zhang, Man; Li, Chuan; Zhou, Zhiming

doi:10.1039/c4ta04107k

Cited by 70 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Energetic materials, focusingo np ropellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics, are continuously the focus of intense research interests in chemicala nd materials cience [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as they have made great contributions to the development of civilian and military areas. With the increaseo fa pplication requirements, conventional insensitive explosives 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) or classical high-energetic explosives such as 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) and 2,4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10,, which are both individual organic backbones constructed from simple elements of C, H, O, and N, leave much room for improvement because they exhibit either the insufficient energetic performance or poor safety properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Six Green Insensitive High Energetic Coordination Polymers Based on Alkali/Alkali‐Earth Metals and 4,5‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐2 H‐1,2,3‐triazole

Chen

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2017

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Constructing insensitive high-performance energetic coordination polymers (ECPs) with alkali/alkali-earth metal ions and a nitrogen-rich organic backbone has been proved to be a feasible strategy in this work. Six diverse dimensional novel ECPs (compounds 1-6) were successfully synthesized from Na , Cs , Ca , Sr , Ba ions and a nitrogen-rich triheterocyclic 4,5-bis(tetrazol-5-yl)-2 H-1,2,3-triazole (H BTT). All compounds show outstanding stability and low sensitivity, the thermal stability of these ECPs are significantly improved as the structural reinforcement increases from 1D to 3D, in which the decomposition temperature of 3D Ba based compound 6 is as high as 397 °C. Long-term storage experiments show that compounds 5 and 6 are stable enough at high temperature. Moreover, the six compounds hold considerable detonation performances, in which Ca based compound 5 possesses the detonation velocity of 9.12 km s , along with the detonation pressure of 34.51 GPa, exceeding those of most energetic coordination polymers. Burn tests further certify that the six compounds can be versatile pyrotechnics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Six Green Insensitive High Energetic Coordination Polymers Based on Alkali/Alkali‐Earth Metals and 4,5‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐2 H‐1,2,3‐triazole

Chen

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2017

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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“…According to the figure, it is seen that the changing trends of D , P and Q were approximately the same to density. It indicates that density was a key parameter to predict the detonation properties of the designed compounds . ‐NHNO 2 was found to be the most effective group in improving ρ while the ‐NH 2 group will make fewer contribution to these values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Study on Energetic Derivatives Based on 3,7‐Bis(Alkenyl)‐2,4,6,8‐Tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]Octane

et al. 2019

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Density functional theory at B3LYP/6‐311G (d,p) level was employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the 3,7‐bis(alkenyl)‐2,4,6,8‐tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane based energetic materials. Their frontier molecular orbital energy gaps, heats of formation, detonation properties and thermal stabilities were calculated. The results show that the frontier molecular orbital energy gaps were from 3.56 eV (A2) to 5.43 eV (C3); the heats of formation were from −154.8 (A5) to 3007.2 kJ mol−1 (C2); the detonation velocities were from 5.22 (A1) to 8.90 km s−1 (A5) while the detonation pressures were from 10.8 (A1) to 36.4 GPa (A5). In view of the bond dissociation energies, the data were found to be from 8.9 (A4) to 321.8 kJ mol−1 (A1). Take both of detonation properties and bond dissociation energies into consideration, compounds A5 and C5 were finally selected as candidates for high energy density materials since they have excellent detonation properties and acceptable thermal stabilities.

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“…Research on heat-resistant energetic materials has been intensively conducted worldwide during the past decades. In practice, the improvement of thermal stability is crucial to explosives and propellants working under high temperatures 1 – 3 . From structural point of view, expansion of the aromatic structures and introduction of amino groups are currently the most efficient strategies to improve the thermal stabilities of energetic materials 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative thermal research on tetraazapentalene-derived heat-resistant energetic structures

Zhou¹,

Ding²,

Zhu³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Organic inner salt structures are ideal backbones for heat-resistant energetic materials and systematic studies towards the thermal properties of energetic organic inner salt structures are crucial to their applications. Herein, we report a comparative thermal research of two energetic organic inner salts with different tetraazapentalene backbones. Detailed thermal decomposition behaviors and kinetics were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TG) methods, showing that the thermal stability of the inner salts is higher than most of the traditional heat-resistant energetic materials. Further studies towards the thermal decomposition mechanism were carried out through condensed-phase thermolysis/Fourier-transform infrared (in-situ FTIR) spectroscopy and the combination of differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DSC-TG-MS-FTIR) techniques. The experiment and calculation results prove that the arrangement of the inner salt backbones has great influence on the thermal decompositions of the corresponding energetic materials. The weak N4-N5 bond in “y-” pattern tetraazapentalene backbone lead to early decomposition process and the “z-” pattern tetraazapentalene backbone exhibits more concentrated decomposition behaviors.

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3-Nitro-1-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (HANTT) and its energetic salts: highly thermally stable energetic materials with low sensitivity

Abstract: Highly thermally stable and insensitive energetic salts based on 3-nitro-1-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (HANTT).

Cited by 70 publications

References 35 publications

Study of Six Green Insensitive High Energetic Coordination Polymers Based on Alkali/Alkali‐Earth Metals and 4,5‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐2 H‐1,2,3‐triazole

Study of Six Green Insensitive High Energetic Coordination Polymers Based on Alkali/Alkali‐Earth Metals and 4,5‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐2 H‐1,2,3‐triazole

Theoretical Study on Energetic Derivatives Based on 3,7‐Bis(Alkenyl)‐2,4,6,8‐Tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]Octane

Comparative thermal research on tetraazapentalene-derived heat-resistant energetic structures

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