32 � 32 pH Image Sensors for Real Time Observation of Biochemical Phenomena

Abstract

32 × 32 pH image sensors were successfully fabricated by using the CCD/CMOS image sensor technique, and real time imaging of a chemical reaction and pH distribution was carried out for the first time. The pH variations by a chemical reaction are observed by 200 ms step (i.e. 5 flames per sec). The pH image sensor was able to take a pH image of mouse stomach successfully. It means that the novel image sensor can be applied to a biomedical and biochemical field.

CCD‐Type Sodium Ion Image Sensor: Dynamic Observation of Ion‐Exchange Reactions of a Single Na‐Type Cation‐Exchange Resin Bead

“…The CCD ion image sensor has been described elsewhere [18,19]. The measurement principles and its operation are briefly described.…”

“…A CCD pH image sensor equipped with 100 pixels (10 10) has been reported [17]. Moreover, a CCD pH image sensor containing 1024 pixels (32 32) successfully obtained a biological image in 0.2 s steps [18]. Using the CCD pH image sensor that surpassed other electrochemical ion image sensors in speed, we developed a CCD potassium ion image sensor that was combined with a plasticized PVC membrane [19].…”

Real-Time Two-Dimensional Imaging of Potassium Ion Distribution Using an Ion Semiconductor Sensor with Charged Coupled Device Technology

“…The POSS 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octa(propylmethacryl)pentacyclo-[9.5.1.1 3,9 .1 5,15 .1 7,13 ]octasiloxane (OPMPCOS), high molecular weight PVC (average MW = 500000), and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and other reagents were prepared from analytical reagent grade chemicals (Wako Pure Chemicals, Japan).…”

“…The potential response was linear from 10 -2 to 10 -5 M logarithmic concentration of potassium ion. The selectivity coefficients were K (10 × 10) 6 and 1024 pixels (32 × 32) 7 have been developed for pH sensing. Images of the pH of a biological sample were successfully obtained using a 200-ms step, while the recording time of a LAPS microscope was not as rapid.…”

Reduction of Interference Between pH and Optical Output Signals in a Multimodal Bio-Image Sensor

“…pH by measuring the amount of charge that is present [8]- [10]. The charge accumulation operation realized pH sensitivity of more than 1 V/pH, with an accuracy of better than 0.002 pH [11], [12].…”