Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor originating from
melanocytes.
The 5-year survival rate of primary melanoma is 98%, whereas the survival
rate of metastatic melanoma is only 10%, which can be attributed to
the insensitivity to existing treatments. Fibroblasts are the primary
cells in the dermis that promote melanoma metastasis; however, the
molecular mechanism underlying the fibroblast–melanoma interaction
is yet to be completely understood. Herein, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)
was used to construct a co-culture model for melanoma cells (A375)
and fibroblasts. GelMA retains the good biological properties of collagen,
which has been identified as the primary component of the melanoma
tumor microenvironment. Fibroblasts were encapsulated in GelMA, whereas
A375 cells were cultured on the GelMA surface, which realistically
mimics the macrostructure of melanoma. A375 cells co-cultured with
fibroblasts demonstrated a higher cellular proliferation rate, potentials
of neoneurogenesis, overexpression of epithelial mesenchymal transition
markers, and a faster migration rate compared with A375 cells cultured
alone, which could be due to the cancer-associated fibroblast activation
and the overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 and
fibroblast growth factor-2 by fibroblasts. Overall, this study revealed
the possible mechanisms of fibroblast–melanoma interaction
and suggested that this co-culture model could be potentially further
developed as a platform for screening chemotherapies in the future.