3D printed PCL scaffold reinforced with continuous biodegradable fiber yarn: A study on mechanical and cell viability properties

Hedayati, Seyyed Kaveh; Behravesh, Amir Hossein; Hasannia, Sadegh; Saed, Arvin Bagheri; Akhoundi, Behnam

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106347

Cited by 91 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Therefore, it is vital to introduce new materials with higher mechanical strength and examine the possibility of printing semicrystalline thermoplastic materials by optimization of the process parameters in this area . The most effective way to improve the mechanical properties of the printed products is by adding fillers to the pure matrix or reinforcing with continuous fibers; in these cases, the final products are called composites . In order to increase the mechanical properties of the printed products, the parameters optimization and post‐processing operations are strongly considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling

Akhoundi

Nabipour

Hajami

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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107

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the trendiest threedimensional (3D) printing method among additive manufacturing technologies. In this process, the final parts are constructed through layer-by-layer adhesion of thermoplastic polymers. Amorphous thermoplastic polymers have better printability compared to semicrystalline ones; so, they are most popular with FDM users. Generally, the overall mechanical properties of FDM 3D printed parts are weaker in comparison to the traditional methods (such as injection molding) due to the weak bonds between the deposited rasters and layers. Therefore, the introduction of new materials with higher mechanical properties and easy printing process of the semicrystalline polymers has always been challenging to progress the mechanical properties of the products. In this study by the FDM process, the effect of nozzle temperature and heat treatment (annealing) on the mechanical properties of high-temperature polylactic acids is investigated. The increase in the nozzle temperature develops the rasters and layers bonding, and the heat treatment of the parts after printing rises the crystallinity percentage, which is crucial for the improvement of mechanical properties. Experimental results show that an increase in the nozzle temperature raises the tensile strength and modulus to 65.7 MPa and 4.97 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, the heat treatment process increases the tensile strength and modulus up to 67.4 MPa and 5.65 GPa. The final tensile modulus values are the highest ones reported for pure materials printed by the FDM process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:979-987, 2020.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling

Akhoundi

Nabipour

Hajami

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

Self Cite

107

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“…Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing process to construct 3D objects to form digital models. The 3D printing technique is a rapidly growing trend in bioengineering [24]. Hence, in this study used the 3D printing method to produce the PPLGFYfixation plate.…”

Section: D Print Manufacturing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass fiber/polypropylene composites with potential of bone fracture fixation plates: Manufacturing process and mechanical characterization

Kabiri

Liaghat

Alavi

et al. 2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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Mechanical properties and manufacturing processes of Glass Fiber/Polypropylene (GF/PP) composites for application of flexible internal long bone fracture fixation plates have been investigated. PP/Short Chopped Glass Fiber (PPSCGF), PP/Long Glass Fiber (PPLGF) and PP/Long Glass Fiber Yarn (PPLGFY) were used in fabrication of the fixation plates. The PPSCGF and PPLGF plates were made by the heat-compressing process and Three-dimensional (3D) printing method was used to make the PPLGFY ones. The values of Young’s modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus and strength, and impact strength of the PPSCGF in the fiber longitudinal direction were found to be [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa and [Formula: see text]kJ/m2, respectively. Where, these values for the PPLGF were to [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, and [Formula: see text]kJ/m2 and for the PPLGFY were to [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa and [Formula: see text]kJ/m2. These have been found to be in close agreement with the human bone properties. Furthermore, the strength and modulus values of the plates were reasonable to be used as a bone implant applicable for bone fracture reconstructions. Hence, the study concluded that the GF/PP composites are useful for load-bearing during daily activities and would be recommended as a choice in orthopedic fixation plate applications. It will help the researchers for development of new fixation designs and the clinicians for better patient’s therapy in future.

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“…Other groups examined the effect of printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, bed temperature, nozzle diameter, nozzle geometry, layer height, extrusion width, sample orientation, raster angle, filling percentage, filling pattern, air gap, and printing speed [ 3 , 21 ]. With considerable improvements in FDM, recent and novel studies emerged, such as producing composites with continuous fibers (which have significant effects on mechanical properties) [ 11 , 22 , 23 ] or optimizing the nozzle path and filling pattern (which have influential impacts on mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and surface smoothness) [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating Filament Feed in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process to Correctly Print Continuous Fiber Composites in Curved Paths

et al. 2020

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a popular additive manufacturing (AM) method that has attracted the attention of various industries due to its simplicity, cheapness, ability to produce complex geometric shapes, and high production speed. One of the effective parameters in this process is the filament feed presented in the production G-code. The filament feed is calculated according to the layer height, the extrusion width, and the length of the printing path. All required motion paths and filling patterns created by commercial software are a set of straight lines or circular arcs placed next to each other at a fixed distance. In special curved paths, the distance of adjacent paths is not equal at different points, and due to the weakness of common commercial software, it is not possible to create curved paths for proper printing. The creation of a special computer code that can be used to make various functions of curved paths was investigated in this study. The filament feed parameter was also studied in detail. Next, by introducing a correction technique, the filament feed was changed on the curved path to uniformly distribute the polymer material. Variable-stiffness composite samples consisting of curved fibers can be produced with the proposed method. The high quality of the printed samples confirms the suggested code and technique.

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3D printed PCL scaffold reinforced with continuous biodegradable fiber yarn: A study on mechanical and cell viability properties

Cited by 91 publications

References 39 publications

An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling

An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling

Glass fiber/polypropylene composites with potential of bone fracture fixation plates: Manufacturing process and mechanical characterization

Calculating Filament Feed in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process to Correctly Print Continuous Fiber Composites in Curved Paths

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