3D simulation of the lightning path using a mixed physical-probabilistic model – The open source lightning model

Gulyás, Attila; Szedenik, Norbert

doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2009.01.007

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This idea is based on the assumption that downward-propagating leaders, as they approach upward leaders attached to ground objects, will be redirected at their near-Earth striking distance and thus attach more frequently at highpoints. The near-Earth attractive effect of lightning has been visually confirmed in a small number of photographs as an abrupt change in direction in the CG channel (at a node called the orientation point) where the descending leader enters its striking distance and attaches to isolated, tall Earth-grounded objects (Gulyás and Szedenik 2009). If a tendency for topographic highpoints to attract more CG flashes than surrounding areas is observed, the concept of striking distance and the associated RSM will be supported empirically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Earth Highpoint Attachment Geography by Peak Current

Vogt

2011

Earth Interactions

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This study applied remotely sensed cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning strike location data, a digital elevation model (DEM), and a geographic information system (GIS) to characterize negative polarity peak current CG lightning Earth attachment behavior. It explored the propensity for (i) flashes to favor topographic highpoint attachment and (ii) striking distance (a near-Earth attachment force) to increase with peak current. On a 16 000 km 2 10-m DEM covering a section of southeast and south-central Colorado, a GIS extraction method identified approximately 5000 hilltop and outcrop highpoints containing at least 15 m of vertical gain in a 300-m radius neighborhood with a minimum horizontal separation of 600 m. Flashes with peak currents ranging from 220 to 2119 kiloamps (kA), collected between February 2005 and May 2009, were subdivided into 10 kA classes and mapped on this modified DEM. Buffers of 100-, 200-, and 300-m radii created around each highpoint were used to assess the hypothesis that striking distance increases with higher negative peak current. Point-in-polygon counts compared actual CG strike totals to random point totals received inside buffers. CG strikes favored topographic highpoints by as much as 5.0% when compared to random points. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests further corroborated that actual CG strikes at highpoints were generated by a more nonrandom process. A positive trend between striking distance and peak current was also observed. Although this correlation has been characterized in controlled settings, this study is the first to document this physical process at real-world landscape scales over multiple years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Earth Highpoint Attachment Geography by Peak Current

Vogt

2011

Earth Interactions

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“…The Maxwell−Ampere equation is expressed by equation (9), in which displacement current ¶ ¶  E t can give rise to a magnetic field. But the magnetic field can be neglected when the current in the arc column is close to constant as represented by equation (10).…”

Section: The Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that lightning discharge is random, probabilistic models based on probability theory [7] are better than physical models based on physical law [8] for calculating the propagation mechanism of a lightning channel. For example, the open source lightning model proposed by Gulyás and Szedenik [9] can be used to describe all processes of lightning strikes, including the corona inception, downward-propagating leader, upward-moving leader and return strike. Although these probabilistic models can reflect the geometrical characteristics of the lightning path, the temperature, current and magnetic field of the lightning arc channel cannot be taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution simulation of lightning discharge based on a magnetohydrodynamics method

Wang¹,

Ma²,

Han³

et al. 2018

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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In order to solve the load problem for aircraft lightning strikes, lightning channel evolution is simulated under the key physical parameters for aircraft lightning current component C. A numerical model of the discharge channel is established, based on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and performed by FLUENT software. With the aid of user-defined functions and a userdefined scalar, the Lorentz force, Joule heating and material parameters of an air thermal plasma are added. A three-dimensional lightning arc channel is simulated and the arc evolution in space is obtained. The results show that the temperature distribution of the lightning channel is symmetrical and that the hottest region occurs at the center of the lightning channel. The distributions of potential and current density are obtained, showing that the difference in electric potential or energy between two points tends to make the arc channel develop downwards. The arc channel comes into expansion on the anode surface due to stagnation of the thermal plasma and there exists impingement on the copper plate when the arc channel comes into contact with the anode plate.

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“…The electromagnetic fields calculated for each segment must be transformed properly to the fields in the original coordinate system before the addition of the fields produced by each segment. In order to achieve this task, they are used the relations between the units vectors in the coordinate systems (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) which are presented in (2). By means of (2) it can be made the transformation between the two coordinate systems, using either the matrix formed by the three vectors A, B and C, or the inverse of this matrix.…”

Section: B Coordinates Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some authors have analyzed the effect of the lightning channel geometry in the modeling of different stages. Some of the principal works have considered the characterization of tortuosity by means of laboratory experiments with short sparks [1], the lightning propagation modeling by means of simulation [2], the effect of the tortuousity on the induced voltages [3], the effect of the lightning channel tortuosity on the radiated electromagnetic fields [4]- [9] and also the effect of both, the tortuosity and branching on the electromagnetic fields [10]. The authors of the present work have been involved with a research aimed to model the lightning stepped leader stage, including the geometry of the channel, and as a result it has been developed a model, which is described in [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic fields generated by lightning channels with tortuosity and its effect on the time-of-arrival technique

Pulgarin

Younes

Rio

2013

2013 International Symposium on Lightning Protection (XII SIPDA)

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In this paper it is presented a simulation analysis of electric fields generated by lightning channels with tortuosity. The tortuosity of the channel is reproduced by means of a numerical algorithm that takes into account statistical characterizations made by different authors observing real lightning channels, so the macroscale tortuosity of the simulated channel is similar to the one recorded in nature. Later it is used an analytic model which allows the calculation of the electromagnetic fields generated by lightning channels with tortuous geometries, once the geometry is known. The electromagnetic fields are calculated assuming a Heaviside step function as the current traveling along the channel. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for the calculation of electromagnetic fields, considering a more realistic geometry for the lightning channel than that of a straight and vertical one, and to analyze some characteristics of the generated fields in terms of wave peak value and wave-form for different points around the lightning channel. This methodology is pretended to be used in a future work in order to determine the effect of the lightning channel tortuosity on the location accuracy of lightning locating systems.

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3D simulation of the lightning path using a mixed physical-probabilistic model – The open source lightning model

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Exploring Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Earth Highpoint Attachment Geography by Peak Current

Exploring Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Earth Highpoint Attachment Geography by Peak Current

Evolution simulation of lightning discharge based on a magnetohydrodynamics method

Electromagnetic fields generated by lightning channels with tortuosity and its effect on the time-of-arrival technique

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