4‐phenylpyridine suppresses UVB‐induced skin inflammation by targeting c‐Src in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Skin acts as the primary defence organ and is composed of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue 1 that protects against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, environmental toxins, allergens, pathogens, dehydration and other external threats. 2 Disruption of the skin barrier is associated with the development of inflammatory skin disease including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea and skin cancer. 3 Although UV irradiation can have beneficial effects, such as vitamin D synthesis and killing pathogens, acute and chronic UV exposure to human skin causes skin inflammation, photoageing and skin cancer. 4 UV light is divided into three components of different wavelengths:

Preventive Effect of Pharmaceutical Phytochemicals Targeting the Src Family of Protein Tyrosine Kinases and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor on Environmental Stress-Induced Skin Disease

“…As with other inflammation, it is accompanied by redness, swelling, and pain, and these are representative symptoms of erythema. In previous in vivo studies, acute UVB exposure (0.5 J/cm 2 ) resulted in skin inflammation and increased thickness of the epidermis in ICR and SKH-1 hairless mice [ 16 , 31 ].…”

“…SFK activation induces signaling that leads to various biological functions, and the participation of other cell receptors is also associated with functional determination [ 59 ]. Among SFKs, it is well known that Src is closely related to the development of many skin diseases, such as skin inflammation and skin cancer [ 16 , 22 , 65 , 66 ].…”

“…Knockdown of Src mRNA resulted in decreased COX-2 overexpression and blocked MAPK phosphorylation induced by UV irradiation. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of the Tyr845 residue of EGFR known to interact with Src [ 16 ]. Src inhibitors can be used for blocking Src activation.…”

“…A variety of external stimuli can stimulate SFKs and AhR, leading to the initiation of signaling cascades. After the activation of signaling responses to various external stimuli, skin diseases such as skin inflammation, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and skin cancer can occur [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Acute and chronic UV exposure in rodent skin causes abnormal phosphorylation of Fyn and Src, leading to skin inflammation, photoaging, and skin cancer [ 22 ].…”

“…A nutraceutical is a health functional food or dietary supplement that is expected to help prevent or alleviate diseases in addition to the supplementation of basic nutritional components [ 24 ]. Phytochemicals are an important source of nutraceuticals and may effectively prevent skin diseases by maintaining skin homeostasis that can be imbalanced through environmental stress such as UV and PM [ 16 , 25 ]. Cellular signaling pathways are critical in maintaining homeostasis, and the hyperactivation of Src and the AhR leads to the onset of skin diseases [ 17 , 18 , 26 , 27 ].…”