“…Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) can be used for implementing fast switching light shutters with outstanding high contrast ratios and optical throughput efficiencies. In the past, various reflective 1 and transmissive displays 2,3 have been reported that were built using conventional active matrix display technologies. In the past years, the Institute for Large Area Microelectronics (IGM) of the University of Stuttgart, Germany, has been demonstrating active matrix addressed arrays of vertically translating MEMS shutters, whose thin film transistors (TFTs) and vertically translating pre-stressed MEMS shutters were co-produced in a modified top-gate amorphous silicon process 4 using only four 5,6 or five 7 lithography masks.…”