5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside reduces intimal hyperplasia of tissue engineering blood vessel by inhibiting phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cell

Abstract

Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the cause of clinical failure in patients with vascular transplants and intravascular stents. The proliferation and phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in IH. Inhibiting the proliferation of VSMCs and maintaining the differentiated phenotype of VSMCs is one way to reduce IH. In this article, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) was used in experiments after drug screening. We found that the metabolism, autophagy, and differentiation of VSMCs were enhanced which were important to the normal function of VSMCs, but the secretion of VSMCs was reduced after AICAR treatment. AICAR induces G1 phase arrest and inhibits the proliferation of VSMCs using the MTT and EdU assays and cell cycle analysis. Then, the rat carotid artery vessel transplantation model was used to evaluate the function of AICAR in vivo. AICAR-modified tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) had a higher patency rate and less IH than the control TEBVs. In conclusion, AICAR can improve the normal function of VSMCs by increasing the metabolism and autophagy of VSMCs but inhibit the proliferation, paracrine, and phenotypes switching of VSMCs, further contribute the reducing of IH in TEBVs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 744-752, 2017.

Perivascular cells and tissue engineering: Current applications and untapped potential

“…The addition of cyclic strain ( Seliktar, Black, Vito, & Nerem, 2000 ) alone or in combination with GFs ( Stegemann & Nerem, 2003 ) also determined an improvement in the mechanical features of the graft and provided an optimal orientation of the medial cells. Additionally, the material design can be implemented by incorporating a matrix providing slow release of an anti-proliferative drug to control the SMC phenotype ( Wu, Liu, Chen, Yang, & Zhu, 2016 ).…”

In vitro assessment of dual‐network electrospun tubes from poly(1,4 cyclohexane dimethylene isosorbide terephthalate)/PVA hydrogel for blood vessel application

“…A tissue engineering blood vessel should be biocompatible, having appropriate mechanical properties and its availability in a variety of size for grafting applications. It is now an actively investigated field for small diameter vascular graft . Recently, the vascular transplantation has been commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular or vascular diseases by knitted tubular fabrication system and some scaffolds fabricated by the electrospinning of synthetic polymers such as polylactide, poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide), poly(ε‐caprolactone), collagen, and silk fibroin, but there was no good elongation, breaking strength, and dimensional stability .…”

“…It is now an actively investigated field for small diameter vascular graft. [9][10][11] Recently, the vascular transplantation has been commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular or vascular diseases by knitted tubular fabrication system 12 and some scaffolds fabricated by the electrospinning of synthetic polymers such as polylactide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly (ε-caprolactone), collagen, and silk fibroin, but there was no good elongation, breaking strength, and dimensional stability. 9,[13][14][15][16][17][18] Very first time, we attempted to develop the blood vessel by dual-network composite scaffolds.…”