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In this report, nanofiber-based tubes as scaffolds for potential neuroscience application in the axon were fabricated by polyvinylpyrrolidone incorporated with gold nanoparticles (PVP/Au) in five different diameters via electrospinning. The objective of the study was to analyze the capacity of nanofiber-based tubes for potential voltage and the ability to form tubes of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.00 mm diameter as the scaffold. The capacity for potential voltage showed that PVP/Au is a well-blended material for suitable potential voltage. The morphology of nanofiber-based tubes was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which showed the good structural stability and good dispersion of Au nanoparticles in the nanofibers. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the presence of the Au component in PVP/Au and characteristic peaks of PVP and Au in the spectra, respectively. A wide-angle X-ray diffraction study showed that crystallinity was increased by the incorporation of Au in the PVP solution. The study of stress and strain behavior showed that when the diameter of the tubes was increased, the tensile strength of the tube was decreased but the bending behavior of the tubes was good and suitable for the axon. So, the nanofiber-based tube having a diameter of 0.2 mm made from PVP/Au is the better substrate for further in vivo or in vitro investigation, which will make this material more useful for tissue engineering.

The fabrication of artificial blood vessel remains an ongoing challenge for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Full biocompatibility, proper physiological, and immediate availability have emerged as central issues. To address these issues, the dual-network composite scaffolds were fabricated by coating the electrospun nanofibers-based tubes with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel, which could increase the cell viability and show the potential for controlling the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of scaffolds. Herein, the tubular scaffolds having an inner diameter of 2 mm, were composed with poly(1,4 cyclohexane dimethylene isosorbide terephthalate)/PVA. The morphology examination showed that tubular structure was dimensionally stable and suitable for an artificial blood vessel. Fourier transform infrared spectra, wetting behavior, stress-strain behavior, and Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis also showed that the composite scaffolds have good chemical interactions between poly(1,4 cyclohexane dimethylene isosorbide terephthalate) (PICT) and PVA, blended PICT/PVA tubes showed the appropriate wetting behavior, it achieved the appropriate breaking strength and adequate pliability up to 47.5% and in vitro assessment showed that blended PICT/PVA scaffolds have the appropriate cell viability and nontoxic, respectively. On the basis of characterizations results, it was concluded that resultant scaffolds would be addressed to fulfill the requirements such as biocompatibility, dimensional stability, adequate elongation, breaking strength, immediate availability, and proper for physiologically.