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“…The silica gel was washed with CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) and the combined filtrate was concentrat ed in vacuo. 2 , J = 6.0 Hz); 6.39 (t, 1 H, CH, J = 6.0 Hz). 13 C NMR, δ: 32.1 (CH 2 ); 62.9 (CH 3 O); 86.5 (CHN 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of 1,1-bis(methoxy-NNO-azoxy)-3,3,3-trinitropropane from 1,1-bis(methoxy-NNO-azoxy)ethene and nitroform

Zyuzin

Лемперт

2009

Russ Chem Bull

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“…However, the chlorine (30.2 mass %) in the oxidant favors formation of gaseous hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a primary product species [2][3][4][5][6]. As much as 98% of the available chlorine ions may be converted to HCl gas in common AP composite propellant formulations (APCP), composed of aluminum/AP/binder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As much as 98% of the available chlorine ions may be converted to HCl gas in common AP composite propellant formulations (APCP), composed of aluminum/AP/binder. The negative environmental and corrosive effects of HCl pollution have been widely documented regarding both ground effects around the launch/test pad [4][5][6][7] as well as the ozone layer [4-6, 8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing hydrochloric acid exhaust products from high performance solid rocket propellant using aluminum-lithium alloy

Terry¹,

Sippel

Pfeil³

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Hydrochloric acid (HCl) pollution from perchlorate based propellants is well known for both launch site contamination, as well as the possible ozone layer depletion effects. Past efforts in developing environmentally cleaner solid propellants by scavenging the chlorine ion have focused on replacing a portion of the chorine-containing oxidant (i.e., ammonium perchlorate) with an alkali metal nitrate. The alkali metal (e.g., Li or Na) in the nitrate reacts with the chlorine ion to form an alkali metal chloride (i.e., a salt instead of HCl). While this technique can potentially reduce HCl formation, it also results in reduced ideal specific impulse (ISP). Here, we show using thermochemical calculations that using aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloy can reduce HCl formation by more than 95% (with lithium contents ≥15 mass%) and increase the ideal ISP by ∼7s compared to neat aluminum (using 80/20 mass% Al-Li alloy). Two solid propellants were formulated using 80/20 Al-Li alloy or neat aluminum as fuel additives. The halide scavenging effect of Al-Li propellants was verified using wet bomb combustion experiments (75.5±4.8% reduction in pH, ∝ [HCl], when compared to neat aluminum). Additionally, no measurable HCl evolution was detected using differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared absorption.

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Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Application of Energy-Saturated Complex Perchlorates

Application of Energy-Saturated Complex Perchlorates

Synthesis of 1,1-bis(methoxy-NNO-azoxy)-3,3,3-trinitropropane from 1,1-bis(methoxy-NNO-azoxy)ethene and nitroform

Removing hydrochloric acid exhaust products from high performance solid rocket propellant using aluminum-lithium alloy

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