8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in urinary samples of pesticide sprayers on exposure to organophosphorus pesticides

Abstract

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Free radicals and other reactive species are constantly generated <em>in vivo</em> and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. DNA is probably the most biologically significant target of oxidative attack. Among numerous types of oxidative DNA damage the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress, an adduct formed as a result of biochemical reaction between ROS and DNA. Chronic exposure to </span>Organophosphorus <span lang="EN-US">(OP) pesticides is implicated in many health conditions that result from the induction of oxidative stress, including cytogenetic damage. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the biochemical levels of 8-OHdG in spot urinary samples under the exposed OP pesticide sprayers and farm workers. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In this study, 51 male pesticide sprayers and 39 farm workers in the age group of 18-47 years having exposure ranged from 3 to 15 years in duration were selected. The referents (n=31) were selected on the same criteria as well as they were never exposed to pesticides at any time. This study was conducted during the growing season (January, 2009 – September, 2010). The most commonly used OP pesticides like chlorpyriphos, Diazinon, Dimethioate, Monocrotofos etc., were used in this study. Urine samples from each participant were taken in sterile tubes and were stored at -20<sup>0</sup>C till analysed. The concentration of 8-OHdG in samples were analyzed using ELISA.<strong></strong></span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">The urinary levels of 8-OHdG were found to be significantly higher in the farm workers and pesticide sprayers in contrast to the level observed in the control group (p<0.05). When the data was analyzed in the exposed groups in relation to duration of exposure it was found that both the farm workers and sprayers who were exposed to OP pesticides for less than 5 years showed the maximum mean values of 8-OHdG in comparison to those exposed to for more than 10 years.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In view of this regular bio monitoring studies in target human populations are imperative necessary due to frequent changes in pesticide formulations and introduction of newer pesticides. Despite that several life style factors may influence the<strong> </strong>urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG but still this non-invasive bio-marker 8-OHdG is preferred over other invasive techniques to evaluate the environmental and occupational exposure effect of OP pesticides on the genotoxicity of the exposed workers.</span></p>

Increased Serum Level of 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine may be an Indication of Pesticides Induced DNA Damage among Indian Farmers

“…It was interesting to note that there is no significant difference between the 8-OHdG levels and their personal habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption, among all the three groups of study subjects. Similar observations were made earlier among pesticide sprayers (Mishra et al 2015). On contrary, another study conducted elsewhere reported elevated levels of 8-OHdG and strong association with smoking (Kulikowska-Karpińska and Czerw 2015; El-Khawanky et al 2018).…”

The Diagnostic Value of Nuclear Matrix Proteins in Bladder Cancer in the Aspect of Environmental Risk from Carcinogens

“…A correlation between the concentration of arsenic in the blood and the level of 8-OHdG in the urine was found [ 26 ]. Also, an influence of other xenobiotics on the increase of 8-OHdG concentration in blood or urine was described [ 28 , 42 ]. Some papers also describe the impact of smoking or exposure to carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke on the increase in 8-OHdG concentration [ 27 ].…”

“…There is also evidence of the importance of genetic predisposition to BC, especially the slow acetylation genotype NAT2 [ 5 , 6 , 53 ]. Several studies also point to 8-OHdG and GST π as markers of exposure and the ability of detoxification of the body [ 21 , 22 , 26 – 28 ]. The significant contribution of exposure to carcinogens to the development of BC necessitates the search for markers that reflect individual sensitivity to environmental toxins.…”

“…It has been detected as the most frequent base modification in DNA. It leads to GC-TA transformation most frequently found in the ras oncogene [ 25 – 28 ].…”