8-Layer DOI Encoding of 3-Dimensional Crystal Array

Inadama, Naoko; Murayama, Hideo; Hamamoto, M.; Tsuda, Tomoaki; Ono, Yusuke; Yamaya, Taiga; Yoshida, Eiji; Shibuya, Kengo; Nishikido, Fumihiko; Kikuchi, Jun; Doke, T.

doi:10.1109/tns.2006.882795

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Much effort has been devoted to develop depth-encoding PET detectors over the past several years (Inadama et al , 2006; Moses and Derenzo, 1994; Saoudi et al , 1999; Tsuda et al , 2004; Dokhale et al , 2004; Du et al , 2007; Burr et al , 2004; Zhang et al , 2003) to minimize the DOI effect. Dedicated small animal (Wang et al , 2006), human brain (Wienhard et al , 2002; Eriksson et al , 2002) and human breast (Huber et al , 2003) PET scanners have now been developed that utilize some form of depth-encoding detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth of interaction calibration for PET detectors with dual-ended readout by PSAPDs

Yang

et al. 2008

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Many laboratories are developing depth-encoding detectors to improve the trade-off between spatial resolution and sensitivity in positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. One challenge in implementing these detectors is the need to calibrate the depth of interaction (DOI) response for the large numbers of detector elements in a scanner. In this work, we evaluate two different methods, a linear detector calibration and a linear crystal calibration, for determining DOI calibration parameters. Both methods can use measurements from any source distribution and location, or even the intrinsic LSO background activity, and are therefore well-suited for use in a depth-encoding PET scanner. The methods were evaluated by measuring detector and crystal DOI responses for all eight detectors in a prototype depth-encoding PET scanner. The detectors utilize dual-ended read out of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillator arrays with position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). The LSO arrays have 7×7 elements, with a crystal size of 0.92×0.92×20 mm 3 and pitch of 1.0 mm. The arrays are read out by two 8×8 mm 2 area PSAPDs placed at opposite ends of the arrays. DOI is measured by the ratio of the amplitude of the total energy signals measured by the two PSAPDs. Small variations were observed in the DOI responses of different crystals within an array as well as DOI responses for different arrays. A slightly nonlinear dependence of the DOI ratio on depth was observed and the nonlinearity was larger for the corner and edge crystals. The DOI calibration parameters were obtained from the DOI responses measured in singles mode. The average error between the calibrated DOI and the known DOI was 0.8 mm if a linear detector DOI calibration was used, and 0.5 mm if a linear crystal DOI calibration was used. A line source phantom and a hot rod phantom were scanned on the prototype PET scanner. DOI measurement significantly improved the image spatial resolution no matter which DOI calibration method was used. A linear crystal DOI calibration provided slightly better image spatial resolution compared with a linear detector DOI calibration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth of interaction calibration for PET detectors with dual-ended readout by PSAPDs

Yang

et al. 2008

Phys. Med. Biol.

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“…Other detector designs to measure the depth of interaction have been developed, including the use of segmented crystals [32][33][34] or by the use of additional detectors on the entrance face of the detector modules. 35,36 The Bayesian LOR estimation code can be extended to work with these DOI schemes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DOI‐based reconstruction algorithms for a compact breast PET scanner

et al. 2011

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“…Hong et al demonstrated the feasibility of combining the relative offset method and the pulse shape discrimination method for 3 or 4-layer DOI detectors [57]. Eight-layer DOI detectors could be also devised by combining the 4 layer encoding method, the relative offset or jPET method, and the pulse shape discrimination method [63].…”

Section: Discrete Doi Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Advances in Current PET and Hybrid Imaging Systems

Lee¹

2010

TONMEDJ

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Abstract:The continuing efforts of investigators to achieve the best physical and clinical performances from PET (positron emission tomography) and related hybrid cameras (PET/CT and PET/MRI) have led to remarkable technical advances in hardware and software.Time of flight (TOF) information measurement, which has been enabled thanks to the invention of fast, heavy crystals and advances in fast light detection sensors and readout electronics, is used to obtain the PET images of better quality and lesion-detection performance. Statistical reconstruction with resolution recovery and measurements of depth of interaction (DOI) are the useful software-and hardware-wise approaches for enhancing the spatial resolution of reconstructed PET images. These technical advances along with an expansive increase in the number of PET and PET/CT examinations performed are facilitating the widespread use of PET scanners with specific detector structures and arrangements for particular applications or organs. Combined multimodal imaging systems are also in the development mainstream of these PET systems.In this paper, these important technologies (TOF measurements, statistical reconstruction with resolution recovery, DOI detectors, and application-specific PET cameras) that have made major contributions to advances in state-of-the-art clinical and preclinical PET and hybrid systems are reviewed.

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8-Layer DOI Encoding of 3-Dimensional Crystal Array

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Depth of interaction calibration for PET detectors with dual-ended readout by PSAPDs

Depth of interaction calibration for PET detectors with dual-ended readout by PSAPDs

DOI‐based reconstruction algorithms for a compact breast PET scanner

Technical Advances in Current PET and Hybrid Imaging Systems

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