9. Conversation and interaction

The Implicit in the Writings of Jean d'Ormesson: The Tropes in La Douane de mer

“…68 We can also identify in La Douane de mer a trope revealed by O. 's rhetorical-pragmatic competence, together with his logical competence.…”

“…Fall into the first category the pragmatic inferences of BARLETT taken over by COIRIER, who defines them as "the non-certain deductions based on common knowledge, on usual or likely sequences" or the logical inferences that "proceed from the implementation of formal rules of deduction, of logical calculus". 41 In fact, these inferences are not generated by the creativity of the listener; they are not the fruit of his genius, but of the genius of language. The idea missing from the fabric of the text, inferred through them, is so obvious that the decoder wouldn't even perceive its absence at the level of the utterance and would even consider it to be made explicit.…”

“…47 This permutation only happens with the author of the implicit through the intervention of certain extra-verbal elements which channel the discourse of the speaker in a direction asked for by the circumstances, by the status and the intention of both sides of the discourse: "in order to decode something that is only implied, an allusion, one has to appeal, most often, to a specific extra-enunciative power". 48 By analysing the role of the "co(n)textual factors" 49 and of the "extradiscursive power" 50 , we get the key to deciphering the tropes. Orecchioni, as well as Grice, insists on the role of the discursive context in the revelation of implicature 51 , which is based on the distance between what is said and the signified in the conversational exchanges in which what is said is the literal aspect of the uttered sentence.…”

Influence of situational factors on the codification and interpretation of impoliteness

“…Lim and Bowers (1991: 422) pointed out that "as intimacy increases, relational partners have more obligations to cooperate with each other and therefore become more willing to tolerate a certain level of imposition and criticism". However, this does not mean that the use of polite strategies is less frequent in cases of greater familiarity (Carrasco 1999: 32;Hernández-Flores 2002: 107) nor that a greater degree of privacy necessarily leads to a greater tendency toward impoliteness (Culpeper 1996: 350-351), as confirmed through analyses of colloquial conversations containing face-flattering acts (FFAs) (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1996) and FTAs 4 . Furthermore, Hernández-Flores (2002) and Albelda (2004) indicated that, as in formal situations, the speaker usually projects his/her image before others in informal situations.…”

Marcadores y partículas discursivas interactivas en el entorno político/periodístico de Twitter.

“…Son los que menos emplean elementos interactivos, y menos aún para dirigirse a usuarios anónimos, ya que tratan de evitar verse inmersos en una situación comprometida (Mancera y Pano, 2013). Sin embargo, cuando los usan, lo suelen hacer para atacar directa o indirectamente (Brown y Levinson, 1987) políticos, es decir, del exogrupo (Van Dijk, 2003), o para introducir actos de refuerzo de la imagen (Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 1996) de un miembro del endogrupo. Hay que destacar que no hemos encontrado en nuestro corpus mensajes en los que los políticos utilicen expresiones con forma verbal imperativa, como fíjate, y en los pocos casos en los que los emplean, lo hacen para dirigirse siempre a alguien conocido por ellos.…”