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Abstract

This study examines the attitudes of 552 undergraduate heterosexual students-of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, the School of Physical Education and Sport Science-towards male and female homosexuality. The authors begin with an overview of the hegemonic gender order in sports, subsequently examining the factors/variables that determine homophobic attitudes in male and female heterosexual students. Initially, 577 physical education students were asked to participate: 25 declared they were non-heterosexual (homosexual and bisexual). The 552 students that agreed to continue completed a demographic questionnaire and Herek's (1994) Attitudes Towards Lesbian and Gay Men Scale (ATLG), specifically the Greek version (Grigoropoulos, Papacharitou, & Moraitou, 2010). The findings show that sport participation/engagement is not a factor that influences attitudes. The four factors that predict attitudes towards homosexuals are gender, religiosity, political leaning and socializing with a non-heterosexual. The results indicate that anti-homophobia strategies are required. Accordingly, the article concludes with recommendations and proposals for future research, arguing for the integration of a gender perspective-including unconscious bias training-diversity policies and monitoring processes in organisational and institutional structures to change attitudes, and eventually eliminate systemic discrimination directed at individuals or groups due to sexual orientation and gender identity.

Incidencia de los conocimientos biológicos de la homosexualidad y transexualidad sobre la homofobia y transfobia en estudiantes de educación física de Chile (Incidence of the biological knowledge of homosexuality and transsexuality on homophobia and tran

“…En el presente estudio los cuatro factores más influyentes sobre la homofobia son la orientación sexual, la convivencia con amigos/as o conocidos/as homosexuales o bisexuales, la convivencia con amigos/as o conocidos/as transgénero y las creencias religiosas, ya que aquellos que reportan ser homosexuales o bisexuales, conocer personas con distintas orientaciones sexuales e identidad de género y los que dicen ser ateos/as presentan los índices más bajos de rechazo a homosexuales. Estos resultados son similares a los reportados en otros estudios (Colonnello et al, 2020, Georgius et al, 2018, donde factores conservadores como la religión tienden a rechazar conductas homosexuales, impidiendo la relación respetuosa con estas personas (McDermott et al, 2014), y factores como la convivencia con personas homosexuales o bisexuales, que representan factores protectores, que ayudan a la tolerancia y a un vivir más considerado con los otros.…”

The National Action Plan for Gender Equality: Women, Sports and Military Institutions

“…Certainly, high unemployment rates, the Greek Army's turn to professionalism due to conscript reduction, accelerated technological developments (e.g., smart weapons), and the need for women's complementary skills, as is the case globally, have been attracting women into the military. Even so, it seems they are confronting a number of gender barriers and difficulties due to perpetuated notions of hegemonic masculinity-the male domain-as is the case in the social space of sport (Cohen & Melton, 2014;Georgiou, Patsantaras, & Kamberidou, 2018;Patsantaras, 2014), demonstrating the need for further gender integration efforts so as to achieve a gender balance.…”

Coed Sports as an ‘Integration Tool’ in Hellenic Military Higher Education Institutions

“…The Armed Forces and Sport, share one common ground, that of women's marginalization. This is defined as hegemonic masculinity, a culturally idealized type of manhood associated with male superiority, that is socially and hierarchically exclusive (Georgiou, Patsantaras, Kamberidou, 2018).…”