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The year 1979 was a cornerstone for the football in Greece, since it practically meant the transformation of the sport's organization from amateurism to professionalism, establishing new rules and conditions to the management of football clubs. The increased popularity of this sport and the evolutions that took place in Europe and worldwide, forced the Greek government to establish a legislative framework for the successful management of football clubs. These interventions lead to changes in many aspects of football management such as organizational and financial. The new legal environment of football management, required the organization of this sport into a more stable and professional base, following the financial standards of other corporations operating within the Greek state. By these means the government wanted to create a fair economic framework under which the football clubs would operate with common organizational, financial and tax administration rules. The aim of this paper is to present the characteristics of the new «capital form» establishment of the football clubs (Societe Anonyme), the main financial frame under which the new establishment has to operate and the tax obligations that originate from the aforementioned legal form.

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The issue of violence on the soccer field in our time is a very complicated sport-social phenomenon. The subject has already been extensively researched, but there is still room for further inquiry. In accordance with internationally accepted theoretical tendencies, previous studies examining the issue of violence in soccer in Greece have focused on the understanding of this phenomenon as it relates to either the social conditions in society in general, or to the social characteristics of the spectators of the soccer clubs that are involved in that violence. This study looked at the issue from another point of view. Specifically, it focuses on the understanding of the phenomenon as it relates with the space, the time and the structural conditions under which it is produced. For that purpose, a questionnaire was administered to 696 subjects divided into four different groups of individuals related to soccer. The results, divided in three categories, indicate that, when we examine issues of violence in soccer, we should consider how a variety of socialcultural and emotional conditions inside football stadiums are shaped, keeping in mind that those conditions are specific in each game. This would enable us to differentiate violence in sport from other forms of violence and would assist in understanding the limits of responsibility of football institutions and organizations.Key Words: violence, football stadium, emotional energy, structural characteristics and conditions, expectations.R Re et th hi in nk ki in ng g t th he e i is ss su ue e o of f s st ta ad di iu um m f fo oo ot tb ba al ll l v vi io ol le en nc ce e i in n G Gr re ee ec ce e: : A A t th he eo or re et ti ic ca al l-e em mp pi ir ri ic ca al l a ap pp pr ro oa ac ch h INTRODUCTIONIn accordance with internationally accepted theoretical tendencies research of football violence is usually based on common theoretical perspectives. However, the social-cultural conditions under which this phenomenon occurs may not be the same across all cultures. In Europe for example, research focuses either on broader external social factors comparing data from different European countries (7, 53), or on the particular demographic and social characteristics of the participants in violent situations-events before football game, during, or after it (16,30,48).The causes of football violence demonstrated inside football fields may be attributed on broader social issues and circumstances. So it seems that the problem of violence, within historical, economic, sociopolitical and cultural contexts, is not of the same nature, or is not influenced by the same causal factors. However, most research reveals cross-national similarities in the stages of development of the problem (7). In Greece, research related to violence in football stadiums has grown in scale since the early 1990s. Much of this research is based on British and North American theoretical perspectives with the purpose of containing and preventing sport violence (28,29,31,35). It is limited mostly to exter...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of students of the School of Physical Education and Sports Science of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens towards homosexuality in relation to their political leanings. The sample consisted of 557 undergraduate students. The Greek version of Herek’s (1994) Attitudes towards Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) scale is used in this study with two factors, one for male homosexuality and one for female. The independent variables surveyed were gender, age, sexual orientation, and political leanings. A univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Scheffe test were used wherever it was needed, for the detection of significant statistical differences between the three levels of the political leaning factor. The analysis of the results showed that political leanings influence attitudes towards homosexuality: left-wing oriented students showing greater acceptance of homosexuality; right-wing students more negative attitudes; students oriented towards the center displaying more moderate attitudes, ranging between those of the right-wing and left-wing.