Five phenolic compounds, including a new phenolic glycoside, 2-hydroxycyclohexyl- 6′-O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, as well as the known flavonoids, naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin, were isolated from the wood of Populus davidiana by repeated column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectral evidence. Populus davidiana Dode (Salicaceae), a fast-growing hardwood species, is distributed throughout Northern China, Korea, and Siberia [1]. The tree has been used in folk medicine to cure diarrhea, paralysis, pulmonary disease, pox, and variola [1, 2]. Previous phytochemical studies of P. davidiana bark resulted in the isolation of coumarins, phenolic glycosides, and flavonoids [2-4].Herein we report the results of an investigation of the chemical constituents of P. davidiana wood, which was collected in April of 2007 in Tianjin, China.Repeated column chromatography of the EtOAc soluble fraction of the 70% acetone extract led to the isolation of a new phenolic glycoside, 2-hydroxycyclohexyl-6′-O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) of composition C 21 H 28 O 9 , as well as the known flavonoids, including naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin.Compound 1 was obtained as a yellow amorphous powder. The MALDI-TOF MS spectrum revealed an [M+Na] + ion at m/z 447, indicating the molecular weight 424 and molecular formula C 21 H 28 O 9 . The melting point was measured at 260-262°C and [ ] D 20 α +36.8° (c 0.12, MeOH). The presence of the phenolic hydroxyl group in molecular of 1 was recognized from the grey-green color with 1% ethanolic FeCl 3 solution on TLC [5]. The IR spectrum of 1 showed absorption bands for hydroxyls at 3400 cm -1 , ketone C=O at 1690 cm -1 , and aromatic C=C bonds at 1510 and 1480 cm -1 [2].