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Abstract

Lysine, an essential cationic amino acid, has a positively charged R group. The structure of lysine is given as (H(3)N(+)-)CH(-COO(-))-CH(2)-CH(2)-CH(2)-CH(2)-N(+)H(3).While the anabolic role(s) of the molecule has been in focus for quite a few decades now, its biological properties, e.g. role in cellular proliferation in vitro (both anchorage dependent and anchorage independent) and in vivo, its ability to induce strong inflammatory and immune responses - both humoral and cell mediated, its role in augmented healing of all types of wounds in animal models as well as in human subjects (both acute and chronic), as well as its role in inducing extensive angiogenic responses, have never received reasonable attention so far. In the current brief and indicative review (rather than exhaustive reviews of each area), we intend to bring these biological properties of the molecule to focus while discussing a few other interesting aspects - lysine as a food preservative as well as its possible role(s) in immune therapy. While the areas look extremely divergent, we propose a common denominator in the form of a possible molecular mechanism of action of the molecule in all these diverse situations.

Effects of dietary lysine restriction on inflammatory responses in piglets

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that the intake of amino acid affect the inflammatory responses of animals 7 , 10 . What’s more, it was reported that the deficiency of dietary lysine also impaired animal immune responses 9 , 11 .…”

Lysine nutrition in swine and the related monogastric animals: muscle protein biosynthesis and beyond

“…The deficiency of dietary lysine also impairs animal immune function leading to increased susceptibility of animals (including humans) to infectious diseases (Datta et al 2001 ; Li et al 2007 ). Because lysine is required as a building block for protein synthesis, a deficiency of lysine limits the synthesis of animal immunity-related proteins that include antibodies and cytokines to exert the necessary immune function.…”

Synthesis of Poly(ester amide)s Derived from Glycolic Acid and the Amino Acids: β‐Alanine or 4‐Aminobutyric Acid

“…Lysine is perhaps the most interesting a-amino acid due to its known biological properties that induce cellular proliferation, and inflammatory, immune, and angiogenic responses that increases the healing of wounds. [5] It is also interesting, as aforementioned, to produce new materials with a low absorption rate that maintains the mechanical properties of the suture for longer periods of time. In this way, the incorporation of metabolizable amino acids, such as b-alanine or g-aminobutyric acid, is a possibility that is evaluated in the present work.…”