“…In recent decades, many robust latches [2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] have been proposed, to tolerate SNUs, DNUs, TNUs and even QNUs. Typical SNUs, DNUs, TNUs and/or QNUs tolerant latches include the ST [5], TILL [6], 5-MR extended from traditional triple-modular-redundancy (TMR), DNCSST [7], DeltaDICE [8], TNUTL [9], TNUHL [10], TNURL [11], QNUTL [3] and QRHIL [13]. In these latches, C-elements (CEs) are widely used.…”