A 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for 3D Antenna-in-Package Applications

Govindarajulu, Sandhiya Reddy; Hokayem, Rimon; Alwan, Elias A.

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3121320

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The comparison includes the frequency band, array elements and dimension, beamwidth, efficiency, the produced gain, and expected applications, as given in Table 7. As presented, the proposed beamforming antenna array provides the highest gain and the least size among the competitive rivals with comparable efficiency to refs, [37,40,42,47,52]. Furthermore, considering the array elements, the proposed beamforming method has a smaller size and a narrower beam than the other antenna array designs.…”

Section: Antenna Array Beamforming Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 79%

A New Beamforming Approach Using 60 GHz Antenna Arrays for Multi-Beams 5G Applications

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies and research have centred on new solutions in different elements and stages to the increasing energy and data rate demands for the fifth generation and beyond (B5G). Based on a new-efficient digital beamforming approach for 5G wireless communication networks, this work offers a compact-size circular patch antenna operating at 60 GHz and covering a 4 GHz spectrum bandwidth. Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M–MIMO) and beamforming technology build and simulate an active multiple beams antenna system. Thirty-two linear and sixty-four planar antenna array configurations are modelled and constructed to work as base stations for 5G mobile communication networks. Furthermore, a new beamforming approach called Projection Noise Correlation Matrix (PNCM) is presented to compute and optimise the fed weights of the array elements. The key idea of the PNCM method is to sample a portion of the measured noise correlation matrix uniformly in order to provide the best representation of the entire measured matrix. The sampled data will then be utilised to build a projected matrix using the pseudoinverse approach in order to determine the best fit solution for a system and prevent any potential singularities caused by the matrix inversion process. The PNCM is a low-complexity method since it avoids eigenvalue decomposition and computing the entire matrix inversion procedure and does not require including signal and interference correlation matrices in the weight optimisation process. The suggested approach is compared to three standard beamforming methods based on an intensive Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate its advantage. The experiment results reveal that the proposed method delivers the best Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) augmentation among the compared beamformers.

show abstract

Section: Antenna Array Beamforming Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 79%

A New Beamforming Approach Using 60 GHz Antenna Arrays for Multi-Beams 5G Applications

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…e jk(mdx sin θ cos ϕ+ndy sin θ sin ϕ) (2) where d x and d y are the inter-element spacing between the elements in the x and y directions, respectively. κ is the wave number.…”

Section: Array Thinning Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Gain Through Optimal Antenna Element Distribution in a Thinned Array Configuration

Ortiz,

Uddin,

Guerra

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents an array thinning approach for a 25-element antenna array arranged in a 5 × 5 grid at 5.4 GHz. Our goal is to eliminate a maximum number of antenna elements with minor gain loss and hence reduce the array size, weight, cost, and power requirements. Consequently, the space saved by the thinned array configuration presents opportunities to integrate additional antennas and hardware, allowing for a low-profile antenna-in-package. Our study showed that a 64% array reduction (from 25 to 9 probefed patch antennas) achieved an array gain comparable to a full array configuration. As such, various 9-element configurations for testing were generated through the thinning process and optimized using the genetic algorithm. These configurations were then validated using full-wave simulations. Results show that all configurations that preserved the effective area while maintaining symmetry along all axes showed a minimal effect on gain reduction. Specifically, the best thinning configuration resulted in a loss of only 1.82 dB in simulation at broadside compared to a fully populated 5 × 5 array. The exact configuration also showed beam scanning performance from -45 • to +45 • (viz. 90 • ). A prototype was fabricated and tested for each of the thinned configurations. The measured gain of the optimal 9-element thinned array configuration showed excellent agreement with the simulations.INDEX TERMS Thinned arrays, sparse arrays, array optimization, patch antenna array I. INTRODUCTION

show abstract

“…Recently, with the increasing demand for higher data rates and wider available bandwidth, communication in the MMW band has attracted much attention [1][2][3]. Although sufficient spectrum resources can be obtained in the MMW band, the terminal equipment for MMW communication also suffers from high path loss [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ka-Band Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array with Dual Circular Polarization

Zhang,

Yin

2024

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A wide-angle scanning phased array with dual circular polarization in the Ka-band is presented in this paper. To improve the scanning capability of the phased array, the microstrip element is modified by loading many metal posts at its center and periphery. In addition, a stripline coupler is designed to achieve dual circularly polarized (CP) radiation, and the inner conductor of the subminiature micro-push-on (SSMP) connectors for feeding the coupler is extended to the top layer of the multilayer element by introducing an open stub, which simplifies the assembly process between the SSMP connector and multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) due to through-hole soldering instead of blind-hole soldering. The proposed element can cover a frequency range from 28 GHz to 30.5 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 8.5% in the Ka-band. An 8 × 8 phased array is constructed based on this proposed element, and a wide-angle scanning range from −65° to +65° is obtained for the dual circular polarization. The proposed array has a gain fluctuation of 5.1 dB and an axial ratio (AR) of less than 3.3 dB during beam-steering. The prototype is fabricated and measured, with a good agreement between the measured and simulated results. The proposed phased array can be applied in a Ka-band millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system.

show abstract

A 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for 3D Antenna-in-Package Applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

A New Beamforming Approach Using 60 GHz Antenna Arrays for Multi-Beams 5G Applications

A New Beamforming Approach Using 60 GHz Antenna Arrays for Multi-Beams 5G Applications

Enhancing Gain Through Optimal Antenna Element Distribution in a Thinned Array Configuration

Ka-Band Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array with Dual Circular Polarization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About