“…Besides, the VR also needs to produce a stable voltage against process, supply voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. Compared to the bandgap voltage reference (BGR) using BJTs and large resistors [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8], the sub-threshold CMOS VRs (CVRs) are attractive alternatives for both low-voltage and low-power operation with less chip areas [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18].…”