A backpack load sharing model to evaluate lumbar and hip joint contact forces during shoulder borne and hip belt assisted load carriage

Sturdy, Jordan; Sessoms, Pinata H.; Silverman, Anne K.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103277

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The primary pathological site of AS is the sacroiliac joint; then, it gradually develops and begins to affect the axial spinal joints (40). The axial joints bear heavy loads while maintaining the balance of the pelvis and trunk during daily activities (41). Long-term axial overload will increase micro-injury of the sacroiliac and spinal joints, leading to a repair process that causes synovitis, joint destruction and late-stage subchondral bone rigidity (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tail suspension delays ectopic ossification in proteoglycan‑induced ankylosing spondylitis in mice via miR‑103/DKK1

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2021

Exp Ther Med

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), characterized by inflammatory lesions and osteophyte formation, is a common immune rheumatic disease affecting the sacroiliac and axial joints. A high-intensity mechanical load is known to accelerate the heterotopic ossification associated with enthesitis in AS. Thus, the present study explored whether decreased mechanical load could delay the heterotopic ossification in AS. First, 24-week-old female BALB/c mice were induced with proteoglycan (PG) to establish an AS model. The AS-induced pathological and bone morphological changes of the sacroiliac joint were confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and microCT analysis, respectively. Subsequently, the mice were treated with interventions of different mechanical loads. Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, it was revealed that expression levels of the osteogenesis-related genes bone morphogenetic protein-2, runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin were significantly reduced in sacroiliac bone tissue after intervention with a reduced mechanical load. The level of mechanosensory microRNA (miR)-103 increased in response to reduced mechanical loads. Consistently, in groups with reduced mechanical load, proteins with mechanical functions, including ρ-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), phosphorylated (p)-Erk1/2 and β-catenin, were reduced compared with the PG control. A dual-luciferase assay verified that miR-103 binds to the 3'-untranslated region end of Rock1 mRNA, thus negatively regulating the activity of Rock1 and affecting pathological ossification during AS. However, immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expression of dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was increased in sacroiliac tissues. The results indicated that tail suspension decreased the mechanical load, thus reducing the bone formation in AS mice. Furthermore, tail suspension could inhibit the activation of mechanical kinase ROCK1 and p-Erk1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway by upregulating miR-103, thereby inhibiting the classical osteogenesis-related Wnt/β-catenin pathway in AS. In summary, the present study uncovered the ameliorative effect of suspension on AS and its therapeutic potential for AS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tail suspension delays ectopic ossification in proteoglycan‑induced ankylosing spondylitis in mice via miR‑103/DKK1

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2021

Exp Ther Med

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“…To study the biomechanical effects of different bag‐carrying styles, four models were developed to represent different situations: Unloaded model: original model without any bags. Backpack (BP) model: two backpack‐torso joints were defined at two points 10 cm from the midline of the body on the clavicle, which both had three rotational DOF. A force equal to the weight of the backpack was applied equally at two defined points 14 Shoulder bag (SB) model: one bag‐torso joint was defined at the point 10 cm from the midline of the body on the right clavicle, which had three rotational DOF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sturdy et al . used a musculoskeletal model to evaluate the axial L4/5 contact force in the backpack and belt‐assisted backpack carrying conditions 14 . Actis et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomechanical Effects of Different Bag‐Carrying Styles on Lumbar Spine and Paraspinal Muscles: A Combined Musculoskeletal and Finite Element Study

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Orthopaedic Surgery

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Objectives: Bags such as handbags, shoulder bags, and backpacks are commonly used. However, it is difficult to assess the biomechanical effects of bag-carrying styles on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles using traditional methods. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of bag-carrying styles on the lumbar spine. Methods:We developed a hybrid model that combined a finite element (FE) model of the lumbar spine and musculoskeletal models of three bag-carrying styles. The image data was collected from a 26-years-old, 176 cm and 70 kg volunteer. OpenSim and ABAQUS were used to do the musculoskeletal analysis and finite analysis. Paraspinal muscle force, intervertebral compressive force (ICF), and intervertebral shear force (ISF) on L1 were calculated and loaded into the FE model to assess the stress distribution on the lumbar spine.Results: Different paraspinal muscle activation occurred in the three bag-carrying models. The increase in the ICF generated by all three bags was greater than the bags' weights. The handbag produced greater muscle force, ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the nucleus pulposus than the backpack and shoulder bag of the same weight. Peak stress on the intervertebral discs in the backpack model and the L1-L4 segments of the shoulder bag model increased linearly with bag weight, and increased exponentially with bag weight in the handbag model. Conclusion:Unbalanced bag-carrying styles (shoulder bags and handbags) led to greater muscle force, which generated greater ICF, ISF, and peak stress on the lumbar spine. The backpack produced the least burden on the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles. Heavy handbags should be used carefully in daily life.

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“…The lower extremities have similar rates of injury to the back and spine. However, the hip suffers the least number of injuries to the lower part and may be more resistant to loads than other joints (Sturdy et al, 2021). Several experts believe that the bag should weigh less than 10% of the body mass, while other institutions and other researchers believe that the ratio should be from 10% to 15% of the body mass and that any increase can lead to a change in heart beats (Abu Hawass and Al-Salih, 2020).…”

Section: -4-2 Neck Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physical Ergonomics Body Posture In wearing bags; A Review Article

Al-Shamrani

Baset

2023

International Design Journal

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A backpack load sharing model to evaluate lumbar and hip joint contact forces during shoulder borne and hip belt assisted load carriage

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Tail suspension delays ectopic ossification in proteoglycan‑induced ankylosing spondylitis in mice via miR‑103/DKK1

Tail suspension delays ectopic ossification in proteoglycan‑induced ankylosing spondylitis in mice via miR‑103/DKK1

The Biomechanical Effects of Different Bag‐Carrying Styles on Lumbar Spine and Paraspinal Muscles: A Combined Musculoskeletal and Finite Element Study

The Physical Ergonomics Body Posture In wearing bags; A Review Article

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