A Bergman Cyclization Approach to Polymers for Thin-Film Lithography

Chen, Xiaohua; Tolbert, Laren M.; Hess, Dennis W.; Henderson, Cliff

doi:10.1021/ma002071o

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The cured BODA network polymers can serve as excellent precursors for glassy carbonous materials. Tolbert and coworkers78 synthesized crosslinked poly(3,4‐bis(phenylethynyl) styrene) utilizing Bergman cyclization, the highly aromatic polymers showed potential applications in lithographic materials. In addition, some novel polymers with special architectures have been reported recently through Bergman cyclization 79–83.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of outcomes from treating hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatic artery embolization in patients younger or older than 70 years

Thornton

Covey

Petre

et al. 2009

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to compare the morbidity, mortality, and survival of patients aged <70 years and aged ≥70 years who underwent hepatic arterial embolization (HAE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:Between 1997 and 2007, 386 patients underwent HAE for HCC at a single center. Two hundred patients were aged <70 years (153 men; median age, 60 years), and 186 patients were aged ≥70 years (128 men; median age, 75 years). Patients underwent a total 965 embolization procedures (median, 2 procedures per patient). Patient demographics, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and survival were analyzed. Complications were categorized using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0 guidelines. Survival was calculated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between younger and older groups in the incidence of infectious, hepatobiliary, renal, vascular, or miscellaneous complications (P ≥ .05); complication severity (P = .82); procedural mortality (P = .63); length of hospitalization (P = .55); intensive care unit admission (P = .64); or overall survival (P = .30). There were more cardiopulmonary complications in the older group (P = .04), but the association of age and likelihood of a cardiopulmonary complication lost significance after adjusting for the presence of more cardiovascular comorbidities in the older group (P = .08).CONCLUSIONS:Survival and mortality outcomes of HAE for the treatment of HCC were similar whether patients were aged <70 years or ≥70 years. Although patients aged ≥70 years with cardiovascular comorbidities more often had a cardiopulmonary complication, other morbidity measures, including complication severity, need for intensive care unit admission, and length of hospitalization, were similar between groups. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of outcomes from treating hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatic artery embolization in patients younger or older than 70 years

Thornton

Covey

Petre

et al. 2009

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the polymer is grown directly on the surface to be patterned, it is also possible to use polymers that could not be coated easily in solution using normal spin casting methods. 14 Furthermore, EUV, electron beam, x-ray, and various scanning probe methods offer the possibility of small-scale ͑Ͻ50 nm͒, high-resolution lithography. These approaches can overcome the feature size limitation induced by the wavelength of UV light, which is one of the most significant drawbacks of conventional optical lithography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer pattern formation on SiO2 surfaces using surface monolayer initiated polymerization

Chen

Tolbert

Henderson

et al. 2001

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Synthetic route to the formation of 3,4-bis(phenylethynyl) styrene (A) followed by polymerization. [10] www.MaterialsViews.com…”

Section: Mechanism For Homopolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a recent work, a new polymer with highly aromatic groups attached to the main chain was designed based on Bergman cyclization and proved to be a more effective etch mask than the widely used silicon substrate (Scheme 5). [10] Monomer 3,4-bis(phenylethynyl) styrene was initiated by AIBN and polymerized at 50 8C to yield a polyethylene backbone. In order to maintain a good solubility, a relatively large amount of initiator (5 mol%) was added.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergman Cyclization in Polymer Chemistry and Material Science

Xiao

2011

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bergman cyclization of enediynes, regarded as a promising strategy for anticancer drugs, now finds its own niche in the area of polymer chemistry and material science. The highly reactive aromatic diradicals generated from Bergman cyclization can undergo polymerization acting as either monomers or initiators of other vinyl monomers. The former, namely homopolymerization, leads to polyphenylenes and polynaphthalenes with excellent thermal stability, good solubility, and processability. The many remarkable properties of these aromatic polymers have further endowed them to be manufactured into carbon-rich materials, e.g., glassy carbons and carbon nanotubes. Whereas used as initiators, enediynes provide a novel resource for high molecular weight polymers with narrow polydispersities. The aromatic diradicals are also useful for introducing oligomers or polymers onto pristine carbonous nanomaterials, such as carbon nano-onions and carbon nanotubes, to improve their dispersibility in organic solvents and polymer solutions.

show abstract

A Bergman Cyclization Approach to Polymers for Thin-Film Lithography

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

A comparison of outcomes from treating hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatic artery embolization in patients younger or older than 70 years

A comparison of outcomes from treating hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatic artery embolization in patients younger or older than 70 years

Polymer pattern formation on SiO2 surfaces using surface monolayer initiated polymerization

Bergman Cyclization in Polymer Chemistry and Material Science

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About