A Blockchain Enhanced Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks on Unlicensed Spectrum

Zhang, Hanwen; Leng, Supeng; Wei, Yunkai; He, Jianhua

doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3170577

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Blockchain offers a promising solution for overcoming spectrum monopoly and low spectrum utilization to increase communication system throughput and reduce latency. Various researches have recently focused on secure and dynamic spectrum trading [49]- [51], spectrum sensing [52]- [54], and spectrum management [55]- [58] using blockchain.…”

Section: Blockchain Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Systems, Technologies, and Applications: A Methodology Perspective

Cao

Wang²,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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In the past decade, blockchain has shown a promising vision to build trust without any powerful third party in a secure, decentralized and scalable manner. However, due to the wide application and future development from cryptocurrency to the Internet of things, blockchain is an extremely complex system enabling integration with mathematics, computer science, communication and network engineering, etc. By revealing the intrinsic relationship between blockchain and communication, networking and computing from a methodological perspective, it provided a view to the challenge that engineers, experts and researchers hardly fully understand the blockchain process in a systematic view from top to bottom. In this article we first introduce how blockchain works, the research activities and challenges, and illustrate the roadmap involving the classic methodologies with typical blockchain use cases and topics. Second, in blockchain systems, how to adopt stochastic process, game theory, optimization theory, and machine learning to study the blockchain running processes and design the blockchain protocols/algorithms are discussed in details. Moreover, the advantages and limitations using these methods are also summarized as the guide of future work to be further considered. Finally, some remaining problems from technical, commercial and political views are discussed as the open issues. The main findings of this article will provide a survey from a methodological perspective to study theoretical model for blockchain fundamentals understanding, design network service for blockchain-based mechanisms and algorithms, as well as apply blockchain for the Internet of things, etc.

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Section: Blockchain Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Systems, Technologies, and Applications: A Methodology Perspective

Cao

Wang²,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They proposed a BC-enabled method of securely transmitting the key information within a decentralized SM network and achieved greater efficiency and robustness than the traditional structure. Similarly, the authors in [180] presented a BC-based distributed spectrum management system with multiple MNOs and access points to share unlicensed spectrum based on proof of strategy (PoG). PoG is a Proposed protocol outperformed traditional systems in sharing idle spectrum without reducing power consumption.…”

Section: ) Heterogeneous Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed approach outperformed benchmarks in terms of key transmission efficiency and robustness. [180] Two-tier cellular HetNet.…”

Section: ) Heterogeneous Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Physical Layer Security and Blockchain Technology for 5G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey

Ghourab¹,

Jaafar²,

Bariah³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fifth-generation and beyond (5G and xG) wireless networks are envisioned to meet the requirements of various vertical applications that require higher traffic throughput, ultra-massive connectivity, extremely low latency, and high quality of service. Disruptive technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave, and multiple access are being deployed to meet these requirements. However, the deployment of these technologies poses several challenges, including the lack of network transparency, management decentralization, and reliability. In addition, the heterogeneity of these networks raises security concerns, particularly, confidentiality, privacy, and trustworthiness. Typically, networks rely on encryption techniques at higher layers to ensure security and privacy. However, due to the emergence of novel computing paradigms, such as quantum computing, traditional security approaches are no longer sufficient to protect over-the-air communications. Therefore, 5G/xG networks must consider smarter and more efficient security techniques to operate seamlessly and efficiently. Within this context, physical layer security (PLS) and blockchain represent promising solutions to complement existing methods. By exploiting the characteristics of wireless links, PLS can enhance the security of wireless communications, while blockchain can guarantee the decentralization, integrity, and trustworthiness of networks. Motivated by these technological advancements, this paper provides an in-depth review of the existing literature on PLS and blockchain. Then, for the first time, we present a framework for the integration of PLS with blockchain in 5G/xG systems. We begin by providing a thorough discussion about the potential of PLS and blockchain for 5G/xG systems. Next, we present our vision of a cross-layer architecture that leverages both PLS and blockchain in 5G/xG networks. Finally, we identify related challenges and open issues and shed light on future research directions.

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“…They proposed a BC-enabled method of securely transmitting the key information within a decentralized SM network and achieved greater efficiency and robustness than the traditional structure. Similarly, the authors in [202] presented a BC-based distributed spectrum management system with multiple MNOs and access points to share unlicensed spectrum based on proof of strategy (PoG). PoG is a lightweight consensus mechanism designed to jointly solve the BC consensus and spectrum allocation problems by representing the spectrum allocation problem as a BC puzzle.…”

Section: Guarantee Security and Anonymity Of Iomv Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Physical Layer Security and Blockchain Technology for 5G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey

Ghourab¹,

Jaafar²,

Bariah³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fifth-generation and beyond (5G and xG) wireless networks are envisioned to meet the requirements of vertical applications like high traffic throughput, ultra-massive connectivity, extremely low latency, and high quality of service. Disruptive technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave, and multiple access are being deployed to meet these requirements. However, their deployment poses several challenges, including a lack of network transparency, management decentralization, and reliability. Moreover, the heterogeneity of future networks raises security concerns, e.g., confidentiality, privacy, and trustworthiness. Indeed, due to the emergence of novel paradigms, e.g., quantum computing, traditional security approaches are no longer sufficient to protect over-the-air communications. Hence, 5G/xG networks must consider smart security techniques to operate seamlessly and efficiently. Within this context, physical layer security (PLS) and blockchain represent promising solutions to complement existing methods. By exploiting the characteristics of wireless links, PLS can enhance the security of communications, while blockchain may enable networks' decentralization, integrity, and trustworthiness. Motivated by these advancements, we provide an in-depth review of the existing PLS and blockchain literature. Then, for the first time in the literature, we present a framework to integrate PLS with blockchain in 5G/xG systems. We first provide a thorough discussion about the potential of PLS and blockchain for 5G/xG systems. Then, we present our vision of a cross-layer architecture that leverages PLS and blockchain. Through a case study, we demonstrate the high potential of cross-layer design to improve the security of vehicular networks. Finally, we identify related challenges and shed light on future research directions.

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A Blockchain Enhanced Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks on Unlicensed Spectrum

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Blockchain Systems, Technologies, and Applications: A Methodology Perspective

Blockchain Systems, Technologies, and Applications: A Methodology Perspective

Interplay between Physical Layer Security and Blockchain Technology for 5G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey

Interplay between Physical Layer Security and Blockchain Technology for 5G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey

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