“…Another challenge is that the detection of a primary user signal is always compromised by shadowing, fading effects, and noise uncertainty. To mitigate these effects, cooperative spectrum sensing has been proposed as a viable solution to improve the detection rate by exploiting spatial diversity [134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157]. The cooperating nodes perform narrowband sensing using either Nyquist or sub-Nyquist-based techniques.…”