A Case‐Control Study of Single and Multiple Stomach Cancers in Saitama Prefecture, Japan

Abstract

A case‐control study of stomach cancer was done in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, in relation to dietary, smoking, and drinking habits. The study was based on two sets of cases (216 male single and 35 male multiple stomach cancer cases newly diagnosed and of adenocarcinoma type), and 483 male controls derived from residents of Saitama Prefecture. Dietary habits were investigated for the intake of 12 separate foods and 12 food groups by means of a food frequency questionnaire, including individual taste preferences. Among the single stomach cancer series, dose‐response relationships were observed for 7 dietary items (preference for salty foods, miso soup, boiled fish, pickled vegetables, nuts, raw vegetables, and seaweed) in the multiple logistic regession analysis. As for the multiple stomach cancer case series, dose‐response relationships were observed for 3 dietary items (miso soup, fruits, and seaweed) in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Cigarette smoking and alcohol use were not significantly related to the risk of either single or multiple stomach cancer.

Coffee and gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…One study 29 only stated the finding of a non-statistically significant association in males, and a significant association in females (hazard ratio = 2.54) without providing any further statistical estimates. Two studies 30,31 were later reported in more detail 32,33 , and the more recent publications were used. Four reports were excluded from analysis because tea and coffee were considered combined (OR = 3.2) 34 , coffee assessed as a preference (OR = 1.02) 35 , only cardia cancers (OR = 1.3) 36 were evaluated, or results were presented separately for intestinal (OR = 0.50) and diffuse (OR = 1.98) type gastric cancer using the same control group 37 .…”

“…Twenty-three studies 16,32,33,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58 remained for quantitative data synthesis ( Figure 1 and Table 2). There were 7 cohort studies, with follow-ups ranging from 4.3 to 15 years, and 16 case-control studies, 10 hospital-based, 5 populationbased, and one with no specified study base.…”

“…Most studies presented results on the association between coffee and gastric cancer as secondary data analysis or part of confounder evaluation 17,33,38,39,40,41,42,46,47,49,50,51,56,57,58 , and it is unlikely that this specific result influenced publication. The studies excluded from the analysis presented non-significant associations between coffee and gastric cancer, and after changing our inclusion criteria, enlarging the number of studies combined, the results remained virtually unchanged.…”

“…Lee et al 42 Agudo et al 43 (F) Agudo et al 43 (M) Hoshiyama & Sasaba 33 Memik et al 16 Hansson et al 44 Inoue et al 45 Stensvold & Jacobsen 54 …”

Tree nut, peanut, and peanut butter consumption and the risk of gastric and esophageal cancer subtypes: the Netherlands Cohort Study

“…Unfortunately, the authors could not analyze types of nuts separately. Moreover, results from four case-control studies investigating the association between nut consumption and gastric cancer are inconclusive [13][14][15][16], and one case-control study found an inverse association between peanut consumption and ESCC risk [17]. Another case-control study observed no association between fruit and nut consumption combined and upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk [18].…”