2009
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp361
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A Case–Control Study of Smoking and Bladder Cancer Risk: Emergent Patterns Over Time

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Cited by 159 publications
(140 citation statements)
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“…Epidemiological studies suggest that cigarette smoking is strongly associated with the risk of bladder carcinoma (1,2). Cigarette smoking accounts for approximately 65% of the bladder cancer risk in men and of 20-30% in women.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Epidemiological studies suggest that cigarette smoking is strongly associated with the risk of bladder carcinoma (1,2). Cigarette smoking accounts for approximately 65% of the bladder cancer risk in men and of 20-30% in women.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Smoking intensity in former and current smokers was converted to pack-years by multiplying the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the patient smoked to the nearest full year and dividing the product by 20, the number of cigarettes in a pack. In accordance to preceding studies with some modification based on our own data, we categorized pack-years into six categories: never, up to 10 pack-years, more than 10 to 20 packyears, more than 20 to 40 pack-years, more than 40 to 50 pack-years, and more than 50 pack-years (Baris et al 2009;Kurahashi et al 2009). Ever smokers were defined as those who reported smoking more than 100 cigarettes anytime during their lifetime (Freedman et al 2011).…”
Section: Alcohol Drinking and Smokingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Smoking is regarded as the most significant risk factor for UC. Smokers are at least three times more likely to develop UC and their risk increases with increased packyears of cigarette smoking [16,17]. However, the association between smoking and prognosis in patients diagnosed with UC is unclear [18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%