A case–control study to evaluate candidal parameters in the oral cavity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

A BSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate candidal parameters in the oral cavity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: The samples included in the study were divided into two groups: group A, comprises 50 patients with type 2 DM, and group B, comprises 30 subjects who were nondiabetic. A nonrandom consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll the subjects for the study. The χ2 test was used to examine the characteristics of the samples. Results: The results found that there is a significant difference in saliva and swab for Candida growth between patients with type 2 DM and normal healthy individuals. Swab had shown slightly more Candida growth than saliva in group A (type 2 DM). No significant variation in Candida growth was found. Candida krusei was seen in normal healthy individuals alone. In antifungal susceptibility pattern to various antifungal agents, Candida tropicalis has shown a significant result for various antifungal agents whereas Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis did not show any significant result for various antifungal agents used in group A (patients with type 2 DM). Conclusion: Diabetic individuals who are prone to a hyperglycemic state favors the growth and establishment of Candida species. Although a smaller percentage of multidrug-resistant Candida species has been observed in the saliva of patients with type 2 DM.

Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Candidiasis : A Ten Years Systematic Review

“…A statistically significantly strong association was seen between salivary glucose levels and candidal counts (P < 0.001) in the same. Vijayalakshm i, L et al, 2020 8…”

“…Vijayalakshmi, L et al (2020) 8 showed diabetic individuals are prone to a hyperglycemic state, which in turn favors the growth and establishment of Candida species. Although a smaller percentage of multidrug-resistant Candida species has been observed in the saliva of patients with type 2 DM, it is prudent to consider prophylactic measures in such patients.…”

Enrichment of Acid-Associated Microbiota in the Saliva of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Adults: A Systematic Review

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: , Table S1: Complete search strategies for each database and grey literature; Table S2: Excluded studies and reason for exclusion (n = 47); Table S3: Quality assessment of the individual included studies (n = 12) using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-sectional Studies. References [ 3 , 5 , 8 , 11 , 17 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ] are cited in the supplementary materials .…”