A Cattle Heart Protein Hydrolysate Ameliorates Hypercholesterolemia Accompanied by Suppression of the Cholesterol Absorption in Rats and Caco-2 Cells

Identification of a novel cholesterol-lowering dipeptide, phenylalanine-proline (FP), and its down-regulation of intestinal ABCA1 in hypercholesterolemic rats and Caco-2 cells

“…This is the first study to identify FP as a novel cholesterol-lowering dipeptide. We previously reported that HPHU exhibits a cholesterol-lowering effect in vivo and in vitro 14 . However, the active peptide of HPHU and the mechanisms by which the active peptide induces a hypocholesterolemic effect were unknown.…”

“…It is well known that the human epithelial cell line Caco-2 has been widely used as a model of the intestinal epithelial cells 16 . For example, HPHU, soy protein peptic hydrolysate (SPH), and β-lactoglobulin tryptic hydrolysate (LTH) have inhibitory effects on both cholesterol micellar solubility and cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells and are associated with a negative correlation between serum total cholesterol and fecal total steroid excretion in vivo 7,11,14,17,18 . Therefore, we speculated that the active peptides in HPHU had inhibitory effects on cholesterol micellar solubility and cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells, accompanied by a negative correlation between serum total cholesterol and fecal total steroid excretion.…”

“…We previously reported that cattle heart protein hydrolysate (HPH) and cattle heart protein hydrolysate ultra-filtrate (HPHU, MW < ca. 1,000 Da peptide fraction) exert strong hypocholesterolemic activity in rats 14 . HPH significantly reduces the serum total cholesterol and atherogenic index.…”

Optimization of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Blue Shark Skin

“…Protein hydrolysates have been obtained from different fisheries by‐products (including dark muscles, skins, viscera, heads, bones, and some collagen extracts from this residues) of different species such as: Bluewing searobin, jellyfish, tuna, sardinelle, black scabbardfish, snow crab, catla, grass carp, cod, and salmon (Liaset and others 2003; Aspmo and others 2005; Šližyte and others 2005; Wasswa and others 2007; Bhaskar and others 2008; Beaulieu and others 2009; Batista and others 2010; Bougatef and others 2010; Dos Santos and others 2010; Hsu 2010; Ovissipour and others 2010; Zhuang and others 2010). Besides the commonly known applications, for example, natural flavor, protein supplement, microbiological growth media, and fertilizers (Frøjaer 1994; Alasalvar and others 2002; Venugopal 2009), recent researches have evidenced potential applications of protein hydrolysates for prevention and treatment of several diseases like hypertension, cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and food allergies mainly associated to their antioxidant and antihypertensive properties (Cordle 1994; Nakade and others 2009; Sicherer and Sampson 2009; Lee and others 2010; Sheih and others 2010).…”

Serum Cholesterol Reduction by Feeding a High-Cholesterol Diet Containing a Lower-Molecular-Weight Polyphenol Fraction from Peanut Skin

“…Cholesterol is known to be rendered soluble in a bile salt-mixed micelle prior to its absorption from the small intestine. 10) Figure 1 shows that the total water-soluble fraction from peanut skin was effective in decomposing cholesterol micelles, with the formation of undissolved cholesterol, while the addition of the polyphenol-free fraction maintained the concentration of cholesterol in the micelles to 73% of the control level. In contrast, the Either water, the water-soluble fraction, or the polyphenol-free fraction was added to a micellar solution, and the amount of cholesterol remaining in the supernatant was measured by gas chromatography.…”