“…Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), on account of their high fluorescence quantum yields, stability against photo-bleaching, and size-controlled luminescence properties, have received tremendous attention in the fabrication of solid-state ECL systems (Bertoncello and Forster, 2009;Jiang et al, 2015;Stewart et al, 2015; Wei et al, 2013). To achieve efficient ECL of QDs for bioanalysis, it is an interesting approach for integrating QDs with carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, which could not only amplified the ECL intensity but also reduced the over-potential of ECL systems (Chen et al, 2011;Li et al, 2011b;Wang et al, 2009Wang et al, , 2010.…”