A circular economy use of recovered sludge cellulose in wood plastic composite production: Recycling and eco-efficiency assessment

Zhou, Yonghui; Stanchev, Peyo; Katsou, Evina; Awad, Said; Fan, Mizi

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.037

Cited by 78 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Zhou and co‐workers [ 58 ] have used sludge cellulose in wood plastic composite production with high‐density polyethylene evaluating different coupling agents. The authors point out that the wood would not be sufficient to attempt the materials demand and fuel markets in 2030, and the use of residues can be an alternative to fibers in wood‐plastic composites.…”

Section: Industrial Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐friendly polymer composites: A review of suitable methods for waste management

Cabrera

2021

Polymer Composites

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The amount of residues generated by agriculture, industrial, or urban activities continuously increases and, consequently, demands several methods for their correct management. The incorrect disposal can cause, in specific cases, environmental contamination by heavy metals or leaching as well as promote the spread of diseases as insect proliferation. Commonly, landfilling, incinerating, composting, or energy/fuel generation can control the disposal or reuse of residues. Among the methods for the reuse of wastes, the incorporation of residues as fillers in polymer composites has emerged as a distinct field. Some composites can potentially mitigate leaching compounds or improve mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties. However, these improvements are a challenge to promote the use of waste fillers. Thus, this study aims to provide a state of view regarding a variety of wastes used as fillers in polymer composites and different methods to reach mechanical reinforcement as well as improve thermal conductivity and acoustic attenuation for future researches.

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Section: Industrial Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐friendly polymer composites: A review of suitable methods for waste management

Cabrera

2021

Polymer Composites

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“…The mechanical properties of composites have a great influence on the applications of these materials 44,48 . The performance of a composite depends on several factors, such as fiber/matrix adhesion, length and content of the fiber present, fiber treatment type, and fiber dispersion in the matrix 49,50 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different surface treatments on polypropylene composites reinforced with yerba mate fibers: Physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties

Borsoi

Hansen

Gemmer

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study presents the preparation of post‐consumer polypropylene (r‐PP) composites filled with 30 wt% yerba mate (YM) stick particles. To improve the fiber–matrix adhesion, three surface treatments were performed: alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and use of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and maleic anhydride graft polypropylene copolymer (PP‐g‐MA) as coupling agents. Mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, and impact resistance were determined, and chemical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), physical (water absorption), and morphological analyses were performed. The main findings show that the treatments were efficient in improving the mechanical properties of the composites, with emphasis on the r‐PP/YM30/APTS and r‐PP/YM30/PP‐g‐MA composites, which proved to be superior in tensile, flexion and impact strength and absorption of water compared to the untreated composite. The morphological analysis showed a better interaction between the fiber and the polymeric matrix for the composites with YM/APTS and YM/PP‐g‐MA, which corroborates the results of tensile and flexural strength, as well as with the spectra of FTIR in which the chemical modification of the fibers is observed. However, the results show that these treatments are promising in obtaining composites with recycled matrix with better properties.

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“… [ 255 ] X Fiber-reinforced polymer manufacturing. [ 258 ] X Novel development of SPC. TOTAL 22 1 2 5 0 0 0 1 31 2 LEGEND: R0 = Refuse; R1 = Rethink; R2 = Reduce; R3 = Reuse; R4 = Repair; R5 = Refurbish; R6 = Remanufacture; R7 = Repurpose; R8 = Recycle; R9 = Recover.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two texts focused on bioplastic as a substitute for fossil-based materials in terms of its chemical functionalities [ 170 ], upcycling process [ 16 ], and low environmental impact with particular regard to the food packaging applications of PLA material [ 194 ]. Extensive research into bioplastics focuses on the development of bioplastic production, namely; bio-derived polymer extracted from citrus waste [ 47 ] and sludge cellulose plastic composite (SPC) [ 258 ]. Furthermore, bioplastic from microalgae cultivation exploits agricultural run-off and urban wastewater as feedstock [ 232 ], cosmetic packaging made from bio-based polymer [ 30 ], converts biomass into bio-plastic [ 215 ], and combines 3D printing with biomaterials [ 238 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliographic mapping of post-consumer plastic waste based on hierarchical circular principles across the system perspective

Sitadewi

Yudoko

Okdinawati

2021

Heliyon

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The current dominating production and consumption model is based on the linear economy (LE) model, within which raw materials are extracted-processed-consumed-discarded. A circular economy (CE) constitutes a regenerative systemic approach to economic development which views waste as a valuable resource to be reprocessed back into the economy. In order to understand the circular strategy for a systemic change from an LE to a CE as a means of resolving the issue of plastic waste, this research aims to map current circular strategy trends across the system perspective contained in the literature relating to plastic CE literature. The novelty of the research lies in the mapping and review of the distribution of comprehensive circular strategies within the 9R framework across the entire system perspective (e.g. micro-meso-macro) down to its sub-levels in the literature on a plastic CE. The bibliographic mapping and systematic literature review iindicateed that the majority of the research focused on recycle (R8), followed by refuse (R0), reuse (R3), and reduce (R2). Certain circular strategies are more appropriate to handling certain plastic materials, despite CE's favoring of prevention and recycling over incineration. Recover (R9) is often used to process mixed and contaminated plastic. Recycling (R8) is the most popular circular strategy and the most applicable to plastic material with three recycle trends, namely; mechanical recycling, chemical recycling and DRAM (Distributed-Recycling-and-Additive-Manufacturing). Prolonging the product life through refurbishing (R5) is not applicable to plastic due to its material limitations. Reduce (R2) popularity as circular strategy reflects the preference to reduce consumption, either by launching campaigns to prevent waste or increasing production efficiency. Research on Rethink (R1) has largely focused on rethinking product design, consumer and organization behavior and perceptions of CE. Refuse (R0) strategy is an adoption of bio-based plastics which have a similar function to fossil-based plastics.

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A circular economy use of recovered sludge cellulose in wood plastic composite production: Recycling and eco-efficiency assessment

Cited by 78 publications

References 32 publications

Eco‐friendly polymer composites: A review of suitable methods for waste management

Eco‐friendly polymer composites: A review of suitable methods for waste management

Effect of different surface treatments on polypropylene composites reinforced with yerba mate fibers: Physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties

Bibliographic mapping of post-consumer plastic waste based on hierarchical circular principles across the system perspective

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