A Clinical Study of Intestinal Fungi 1

Reed, Alfred C.; Johnstone, Herbert G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1935.s1-15.155

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This method has not been found reliable in other laboratories. Reed and Johnstone (1935) obtained no mycelial growth on malt agar plates with types IV and VI (shown by us to be identical with type I) and Hopkins and Hesseltine (1936) noted that variations could be produced by varying the thickness of seeding of the plates.…”

Section: Mycelial Growthmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Other workers using apparently the same technique have not been as successful in identifying these fungi. Reed and Johnstone (1935) cultured 19 strains of Monilia from the feces of patients with various types of gastrointestinal disturbances and attempted to classify them by the method of Stovall and Bubolz (1932) (fermentation of maltose and sucrose, clotting of milk and mycelial growth on malt agar). Six strains were identified as type II (M. albicans) and 2 strains as type III (M. candida) but the other 11 strains fell into various groups which were designated as types IV, V, and VI.…”

Section: Fermentation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In attempting to classify 124 strains of yeastlike fungi isolated from patients in Duke Hospital we frequently encountered organisms which we were unable to classify by the methods described by Stovall or Benham. A technique was developed, however, which was satisfactory in our hands for classifying the yeastlike fungi isolated from the vaginal tract (Jones and Martin, 1937) and the same procedures were found applicable to the identification of organisms found in other parts of the body. In addition to the 124 strains isolated by us, 29 strains of Monilia from various parts of this country and England were compared by our method with 19 representative strains obtained from Benham (1931), Stovall and Bubolz (1932), Langeron and Talice (1932) and Reed and Johnstone (1935). The method to be described has the advantages of using only simple, easily prepared media and the criteria upon which separation is based are sufficiently distinctive to make identification of these organisms reasonably certain for the bacteriologist without previous mycologic training.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Practical Classification of the Monilias

et al. 1937

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From Drs. Stovall and Bubolz 91 Monilia type I 92 Monilia type II 93 Monilia type III From Drs. Langeron and Talice 46 Mycotorula p8ilosis Their no. 340 44 Mycotoruloides ovali8 Their no. 296 C-70 Geotrichoides Krusei Their no. 683 49 Candida tropicalis Their no. 255 C-76 Candida parapsilosis Their no. 341 171 Blastodendrion intermedium Their no. 493 47 Mycocandida mortifera Their no. 516 From Drs. Reed and Johnstone 238 Monilia type II. 239 Monilia type III 240 Monilia type IV 242 Monilia type VI-METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION

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Section: Mycelial Growthmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Fermentation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Practical Classification of the Monilias

et al. 1937

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“…This species probably offers the most diagnostic difficulties because of its relatively slow growth, feeble fermentative powers, and reluctance to form mycelia. Reed and Johnstone (1935), for example, did not recognize Monilia type I (C. parakrusei) of Stovall and Bubolz (1932) and described 2 new types, IV and VI, for fungi that were indistinguishable from C. parakrusei by the procedure we outlined.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Studies on the Practical Classification of the Monilias

Martin

Jones

1940

J Bacteriol

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having been suggested previously by workers in other laboratories. Since many strains were unavailable, both synonymies were based chiefly on descriptions found in the literature. The confusion caused by the use of such methods is well illustrated by Dodge (1935), who splits into 5 different genera (Syringospora, Blastodendrion, Zymonema, Castellania, and Candida), those 51 fungi in regard to which there is complete agreement between Langeron and Guerra (1938) and Ciferri et al. (1938) that they all belong to a single species albicans.In 1937 we published a method of classification based on the study of 172 strains of anascosporogenous mycelia-producing yeastlike fungi, 169 of which could be classified into one of 6 species, including a new species, Monilia stellatoidea. The methods were essentially bacteriologic in nature beginning with the streaking of a blood agar plate from a 48-hour growth in glucose broth. This blood agar plate was an essentialpart of the procedure because it not only allowed the detection of bacterial contaminants, but also enabled the observer to pick a pure smooth colony for subculture. By following a rigid technique it was found that the carbohydrate fermentations and microscopic morphology on corn meal agar were remarkably constant for each species. By thus combining many of the essential points in the identification of pathogenic bacteria, i.e., microscopic morphology, colony morphology, carbohydrate fermentations, growth in broth, agglutination and animal pathogenicity, it was possible to establish diagnostic criteria for these mycelia-producing non-ascosporogenous yeasts.Since publication of this paper, we have received, from various mycologists, numerous criticisms attacking our retention of the name "Monilia," the use of such an unusual medium as "blood agar," and the synonymy as presented in that paper. The name "Monilia" was retained by us because it is a generic name which is recognized by the clinician and the bacteriologist. We have been unable to convince ourselves that it would be worthwhile to enter into this controversy over taxonomy. Since the acceptable generic name is determined by priority of usage and the cultures studied by these early investigators are no longer 610 on July 16, 2020 by guest

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