A Common Mucosal Immunologic System Involving the Bronchus, Breast and Bowel

Bienenstock, John; McDermott, Mark R.; Befus, Dean; O’Neill, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3369-2_7

Cited by 151 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…50 Furthermore, the theory suggests that introduction of antigens at one mucosal site may result in the induction of immune responses at both local and distant mucosal sites. Therefore, it should be possible to induce an effective GI immune response by targeting vaccines to the intestinal mucosa as well as more distant mucosal sites.…”

Section: Mucosal Vaccination Routes To Elicit Gi Mucosal Immune Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Intestinal Immunity by Mucosal Vaccines As a Means of Controlling HIV Infection

Poles

Alvarez²,

Hioe³

2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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CD4+ T cells in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are preferentially targeted and depleted by HIV. As such, the induction of an effective anti-HIV immune response in the mucosa of the GI tract-through vaccination-could protect this vulnerable population of cells. Mucosal vaccination provides a promising means of inducing robust humoral and cellular responses in the GI tract. Here we review data from the literature about the effectiveness of various mucosal vaccination routes-oral (intraintestinal/tonsilar/sublingual), intranasal, and intrarectal-with regard to the induction of immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T cells and antibodies in the GI mucosa, as well as protective efficacy in challenge models. We present data from the literature indicating that mucosal routes have the potential to effectively elicit GI mucosal immunity and protect against challenge. Given their capacity for the induction of anti-HIV immune responses in the GI mucosa, we propose that mucosal routes, including the nonconventional sublingual, tonsilar, and intrarectal routes, be considered for the delivery of the next generation HIV vaccines. However, further studies are necessary to determine the ideal vectors and vaccination regimens for these routes of immunization and to validate their efficacy in controlling HIV infection. HIV Epidemics and Treatment HIV infection has resulted in the death of millions since the early 1980s, and has been responsible for significant morbidity and decline in quality of life for millions more. Each year, an estimated 50,000 people are newly infected with the virus in the United States alone, adding to the 34 million currently living with the virus worldwide.

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Section: Mucosal Vaccination Routes To Elicit Gi Mucosal Immune Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Intestinal Immunity by Mucosal Vaccines As a Means of Controlling HIV Infection

Poles

Alvarez²,

Hioe³

2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Yet many questions remain. Do similar changes fits the concept of a common mucosal immune system, first proposed in 1978 by Bienenstock et al [8]. As mentioned earlier, intestinal helminth infection is well known to protect against allergic airway inflammation in mice, and helminth-microbial interactions were recently demonstrated to play a role in this process [9].…”

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confidence: 63%

Intimate gut interactions: helminths and the microbiota

Harris

2016

Cell Res

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“…The immune response generated by this system provides generalized immunization at all mucosal surfaces [79]. About 70 % of whole body's immune cells reside within the gastrointestinal tract shaping the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which is conformed in two different compartments: the organized immune inductive sites, and the diffuse effector sites.…”

Section: The Intestinal Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Barrier Function and the Brain-Gut Axis

Alonso

Vicario

Pigrau

et al. 2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

105

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The luminal-mucosal interface of the intestinal tract is the first relevant location where microorganism-derived antigens and all other potentially immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the powerful mammalian immune system. Upon regular functioning conditions, the intestinal barrier is able to effectively prevent most environmental and external antigens to interact openly with the numerous and versatile elements that compose the mucosal-associated immune system. This evolutionary super system is capable of processing an astonishing amount of antigens and non-immunogenic particles, approximately 100 tons in one individual lifetime, only considering food-derived components. Most important, to develop oral tolerance and proper active immune responses needed to prevent disease and inflammation, this giant immunogenic load has to be managed in a way that physiological inflammatory balance is constantly preserved. Adequate functioning of the intestinal barrier involves local and distant regulatory networks integrating the so-called brain-gut axis. Along this complex axis both brain and gut structures participate in the processing and execution of response signals to external and internal changes coming from the digestive tract, using multidirectional pathways to communicate. Dysfunction of brain-gut axis facilitates malfunctioning of the intestinal barrier, and vice versa, increasing the risk of uncontrolled immunological reactions that may trigger mucosal and brain low-grade inflammation, a putative first step to the initiation of more permanent gut disorders. In this chapter, we describe the structure, function and interactions of intestinal barrier, microbiota and brain-gut axis in both healthy and pathological conditions.

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A Common Mucosal Immunologic System Involving the Bronchus, Breast and Bowel

Cited by 151 publications

References 9 publications

Induction of Intestinal Immunity by Mucosal Vaccines As a Means of Controlling HIV Infection

Induction of Intestinal Immunity by Mucosal Vaccines As a Means of Controlling HIV Infection

Intimate gut interactions: helminths and the microbiota

Intestinal Barrier Function and the Brain-Gut Axis

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