A comparative analysis of COVID-19 outbreak on age groups and both the sexes of population from India and other countries

Abstract

Introduction: The study of epidemiological outcomes of COVID-19 in the affected countries needs to be conducted to implement an effective strategy.
 Methodology: Our study included age and sex-based analysis of epidemiological data of infected and deceased patients from various countries. The patient data was graphically depicted with the slope's calculation to describe a gradual or steep spread of the disease along with subsequent rise or fall in the death reports.
 Results: Population groups of 20-49 years of age and 50 years-above were highly vulnerable to infection. Interestingly, 20-49 years of age group was most affected in India. However, higher population of the deceased were reported in the 50 years-above in all countries. India and South Korea demonstrated a gradual appearance of COVID-19 positive cases than other countries illustrated by reduced slope %. Further the highest percentage of infected people and deaths were reported from the densely populated states of India. We observed a sex independent prevalence of COVID-19. The BCG and JE vaccine are unique in the vaccination regime of India and South Korea.
 Conclusions: Reduced ACE-2 expression in the children's nasal epithelium may be responsible for reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Countries showed varying patterns in COVID-19 spread and associated mortality. It may be influenced by factors, such as screening strategy, countries demography, implementation of lockdown, etc. Due to limited evidence, it would be difficult to point to the influence of the virus on either sexes. Although vaccines may stimulate non-specific immunity, experimental proofs are needed to demonstrate the potential of any vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

Obesity as an Important Marker of the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Thus, more young patients were infected with COVID-19 (Figure 1 ). This is in agreement with S. Jakhmola et al's [ 14 ] study. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients were hospitalized with various symptoms.…”

“…Thus, more young patients were infected with COVID-19 (Figure 1). This is in agreement with S. Jakhmola et al's [14] study.…”

The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Prognostic Effect of Liver Laboratory Markers and Disease Outcome

“…In the age group over 40 years, where practically all COVID-19 deaths occur, an exponential rise with age is a useful model to explain and evaluate both COVID-19 and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, COVID-19 mortality has a stronger age dependence than all-cause mortality, and men are at an elevated risk relative to women, but this risk is more prominent in aged people (Jakhmola et al, 2021). Recent reports have established evidence is of a rise in disease risk in men over 60 years (Robert Koch Institute, 2020).…”

Excess all-cause mortality and COVID-19 reported fatality in Iran (April 2013–September 2021): age and sex disaggregated time series analysis

“…There is a discrepancy among the studies from different countries about the most affected age group. Although the number of infections was the highest among the 20–40-year age group in India, South Korea, and the USA [ 32 , 33 ], the highest number of infections in China and Italy were in elderlies [ 34 ]. We observed 10–20 years-old age group had a slightly higher excess death than the 20–30 years-old group.…”