A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents

Abstract

With the ceaseless usage of web and other online services, it has turned out that copying, sharing, and transmitting digital media over the Internet are amazingly simple. Since the text is one of the main available data sources and most widely used digital media on the Internet, the significant part of websites, books, articles, daily papers, and so on is just the plain text. Therefore, copyrights protection of plain texts is still a remaining issue that must be improved in order to provide proof of ownership and obtain the desired accuracy. During the last decade, digital watermarking and steganography techniques have been used as alternatives to prevent tampering, distortion, and media forgery and also to protect both copyright and authentication. This paper presents a comparative analysis of information hiding techniques, especially on those ones which are focused on modifying the structure and content of digital texts. Herein, various text watermarking and text steganography techniques characteristics are highlighted along with their applications. In addition, various types of attacks are described and their effects are analyzed in order to highlight the advantages and weaknesses of current techniques. Finally, some guidelines and directions are suggested for future works.

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“…In this work, the measurement has been achieved by hiding the secret message in the cover text words through alerting the color of the words which are selected from multiple layers chosen randomly. The distortion robustness values of the proposed approach are calculated using the equation (7) and from Table 3, our proposed approach is more robust than UniSpaCh with a small difference than AITSteg. But AITSteg approach considered that the whole message will be embedded at one location at the beginning of the cover content, so that the first character of the message will be hidden in first the location, the next character of the message will be hidden in the following location and so on.…”

“…The researchers consider many criteria in designing algorithms for text steganography, and the most common criteria for recently proposed approaches concern with hiding capacity, invisibility, robustness; however, an appropriate algorithm must provide an optimal trade-off between these evaluation criteria in line with the appliance needs of approach. [7,19,20,21].…”

“…Text steganography can be extensively divided into two sorts: Format based strategy, and Linguistic strategy. Format based strategy deals with changing the physical format of a text to embed information which can be classified by word shift, line shift, extend the space and encode features, while Linguistic strategy deals with natural language to embed information and Linguistic approach can be classified into the syntax and semantics, these methods as shown in Figure [6,7]. Linguistic steganography approach considers analyzing linguistic properties of natural language text, and its linguistic structure to hide secret messages [8], and most of these approaches use the steganographic knowledge to hide secret messages inside the syntactical structure itself.…”

Exploiting WiMAX for covert transmission of secret data over fading channel

“…This is due to the fact that multimedia files offer larger insertion spaces and induce the least suspicion due to their wide distributions. Hiding confidential data in images with fuzzy edge identification is presented in Kumar et al Lately, various kinds of documents are used for message hiding, including Word, PDF files, and HTML documents . An efficient information hiding in compressed video is proposed in Cao et al, whereas a robust covert channel transmission incorporated in operating systems is implemented in Lin et al Hiding secret data using edge identification is proposed in Kumar et al and Lee et al Meanwhile, covert information sharing is also potentially open to abuse by criminals and terrorists.…”

Fine-grain watermarking for intellectual property protection

“…The following attacks are commonly considered in assessing the robustness of text watermarking methods. the watermarked text [61], with the goal of altering the watermark. We randomly insert the 10% of additional words, following a common attack size considered high [62].…”