A comparative evaluation of market based measures for shipping decarbonization

Psaraftis, Harilaos N.; Zis, Thalis; Lagouvardou, Sotiria

doi:10.1016/j.martra.2021.100019

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A fuel price of about 700-750 €/ton would make shore power viable in this case. This is an increase of about 50%, which might seem a lot, but would be about equal to an Emission Trading System (ETS) CO2 price of about 75 €/ton, which according to Psaraftis et al (2021) is not unrealistic in the near future if a reduction is to be achieved. Furthermore, a rather high availability of terminals with shore power is required as below 40% availability, all options require a fuel price above 750 €/ton.…”

Section: Results Of the Pilot Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold ironing: modelling the interdependence of terminals and vessels in their choice of suitable systems

Pruyn

Willeijns

2022

J. shipp. trd.

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Cold ironing has the potential to reduce the impact of ship exhausts in densely populated areas. However, especially for tankers, the implementation of this concept is almost non-existent. Still, these vessels have a relatively high port energy use, despite relatively short port visits, as they provide power to both pumps and inert gas systems during unloading and loading. A key factor in the reluctance, besides the fact that a sparkless connection is required, is the lack of a standard and the uncertainty from both tanker owners visiting a berth and terminal owners on which shore power systems to apply. This paper investigates the interdependency between ship and terminal owner choices for systems and establishes the overall most economical solution. Cold ironing was reviewed to identify existing systems and solutions and analyse the tanker fleet and terminals. The insights were combined in an integrated economic model consisting of two sub-models; one relating terminal decisions to a cold ironing price and one establishing the vessel side costs and savings. By using fuel price as an input and acceptance rates (for both terminals and vessels) for cold ironing systems as key variables to determine. The models have been used to identify the potential of cold ironing for shortsea and parcel tankers against different fuel prices and % of fleet and terminals that have shore power equipment. In all cases, shore power was not economical, which was caused by the high costs of the fixed costs of electricity, due to the high powers required. Interesting avenues for further research would be to increase the individuality of the model using e.g. an agent based model. Also extending the model with a battery pack on the terminal to allow for peak-shaving could lead to much lower costs and higher economic potential.

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Section: Results Of the Pilot Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold ironing: modelling the interdependence of terminals and vessels in their choice of suitable systems

Pruyn

Willeijns

2022

J. shipp. trd.

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“…The IMO is the competent body in this area, according to the mandate, and shipping emissions reduction policy may rise to the international unified policy only through the IMO. Other international subjects are only entitled to take unilateral measures within their jurisdiction, but in the absence of uniform measures, these unilateral steps may cause serious problems, such as legislative compatibility and multijurisdictional coverage (Psaraftis et al, 2021). On the other hand, in general, such unilateral measures are more aggressive than existing policies and have higher emissions reduction standards.…”

Section: Key Factors Affecting International Shipping Emissions Reduc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of international shipping emissions reduction policy and China’s participation

Liu

Mao

2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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In addressing climate change, the shipping industry, which is regarded as one sector that cannot be ignored in controlling greenhouse gas emissions, has become a key area of concern for the international community to achieve emissions reduction targets. The International Maritime Organization—the body that regulates international shipping—as well as the European Union and other international entities have adopted a series of emissions reduction policies, beginning a new era of shipping emissions reduction. In view of the urgency and complexity of this issue, the future policy direction of shipping emissions reduction and whether or not existing policies can achieve the emissions reduction targets have become the focus of attention in the global shipping industry. In addition, China’s dual identity as a shipping magnate and a developing country plays a crucial role in the development of shipping emissions reduction trends, and reducing shipping emissions is necessary for China to achieve the “double carbon” commitment. In view of the above, this study endeavours to compare the current major shipping emission reduction policies from the perspective of international law and the perspective of macro policies, and analyze the future direction of international shipping emissions reduction policy. At the same time, the study identify China as one of the key countries to influence future policy making and proposes the position and path for China's participation in international shipping emissions reduction, which provided valuable contributions for China to participate in accelerating energy transformation, exploring participation in the carbon emission market, and promoting international unified shipping policy.

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“…Many discussions on decarbonising maritime transport have to deal with reconciling the no-more-favourable-treatment and common-but-differentiated-responsibilities principles. (Aidun, Metzger, Gerrard, 2021;Dominioni, Heine, Martinez Romera, 2018;Psaraftis, Zis, and Lagouvardou 2021).…”

Section: Carbon Pricing Schemes: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Pricing in Shipping

2022

International Transport Forum Policy Papers

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A comparative evaluation of market based measures for shipping decarbonization

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Cold ironing: modelling the interdependence of terminals and vessels in their choice of suitable systems

Cold ironing: modelling the interdependence of terminals and vessels in their choice of suitable systems

Analysis of international shipping emissions reduction policy and China’s participation

Carbon Pricing in Shipping

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