A comparative study of the biological effects of various mobile phone and wireless LAN antennas

Yioultsis, Traianos V.; Kosmanis, T.I.; Kosmidou, Elissavet P.; Zygiridis, Theodoros T.; Kantartzis, Nikolaos V.; Xenos, Thomas D.; Tsiboukis, T.D.

doi:10.1109/20.996201

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies offer reports on cell telephone radiation and its effects (Lin, 2000;Yioultsis et al, 2002). The main problem that has motivated many of such studies is the nonuniform cellular telephone frequency power absorption throughout the head tissues arising from the interaction of the launched electromagnetic wave with the complex (head) geometry in the immediate vicinity of its source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Parallel Study of SAR Levels in Head Tissues for Three Antennas Used in Cellular Telephones: Monopole, Helix and Patch

2005

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This paper is a comparative study of several antennas commonly used in cellular telephones. These include a monopole, a helix-monopole and a patch antenna. Each one of these structures is modeled and numerically tested using finite-difference time-domain simulation and human models based on magnetic-resonance images, which allow for inclusion of details of the human body in the simulation. The testing procedure involves antenna simulation in the proximity of the human head. The behavior of each antenna is evaluated for variable distances from the head geometry (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mm). Continuous waveform, representative of the sources used in mobile telephones, (250 mW, 1.8 GHz) is used as the form of the antenna excitation. The simulation outputs used as measures for this comparative study include transmitting and receiving antenna characteristics and the specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR levels for the head tissues are calculated for and with accordance to the two currently accepted standards: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The computed SAR levels within each of the considered tissues vary for the three antennas under investigation and are within the determined health safety standards. Results suggest that the patch antenna may be the structure of choice when considering safety standards, as its radiation yields the lowest local SAR in the head tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Parallel Study of SAR Levels in Head Tissues for Three Antennas Used in Cellular Telephones: Monopole, Helix and Patch

2005

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“…After SAR has been calculated and recorded, it is utilized as the source term in the transient bioheat equation [3,5,13,14,24],…”

Section: Thermal Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases we have considered T b = 37 • C, and T a = 23 • C, while the various thermal parameters have been chosen according to data taken from the relevant literature (e.g., [3,13]). The solution of (1) is calculated with a conditionallystable FDTD scheme [5], simulating 30 min of actual exposure (after this period, no significant thermal changes are expected). The necessary initial conditions (T (r, 0)) are also determined from (1), assuming total absence of external heat sources (i.e., SAR(r) = 0).…”

Section: Thermal Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Human Head Exposure to Wireless Communication Devices: Combined Electromagnetic and Thermal Studies for Diverse Frequency Bands

Zygiridis¹,

Tsiboukis²

2008

PIER B

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Abstract-In this paper, an integrated and manifold study of the combined electromagnetic and thermal effects, caused by human exposure to microwave radiation is carried out. In essence, we numerically calculate the amount of electromagnetic power absorbed by biological tissues for various exposure conditions and types of emitting sources, utilizing a detailed model of the human head. The severity of the obtained results is evaluated via comparisons with the guidelines of international safety standards, while further insight is gained by investigating the induced thermal effects. The latter are properly quantified through the solution of the bioheat equation, when combined with the outcome of the electromagnetic simulations. Spatial distributions of the corresponding temperature changes are thus calculated, their relation to the dissipated power is established, and the thermal response of human tissues in marginal cases of exposure is predicted.

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“…Size of the investigated antennas and length of handset boxes used in [5] are considerably greater than those used today. SAR and temperature rise in a human head have been calculated for electromagnetic radiation from a monopole, single band helix, single band patch and side mounted single band PIFA antenna at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz [6]. Effect of the separation distance between the antenna and user head has been studied for a dual band PIFA handset antenna [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Dual Band Helical and Pifa Handset Antennas With Human Head and Hand

Ebrahimi-Ganjeh¹,

Attari²

2007

PIER

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Abstract-Helical antenna and planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) are two commonly used handset antennas. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the performance of a dual band PIFA and a dual band helical antenna designed for operating in GSM900 and DCS1800 frequency bands. Radiation patterns and VSWR of these antennas are computed in free space as well as in the presence of head and hand. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of the helical antenna is calculated and compared with that of the PIFA handset antenna. The peak average SAR in the head is compared with SAR limits in the safety standards and so the maximum radiation power of each antenna is determined. In addition, radiation efficiencies of these handset antennas are computed in the presence of head and hand. All numerical simulations are performed using the Ansoft HFSS software. Numerical simulations results are in good agreement with published measurement results.

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A comparative study of the biological effects of various mobile phone and wireless LAN antennas

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

A Parallel Study of SAR Levels in Head Tissues for Three Antennas Used in Cellular Telephones: Monopole, Helix and Patch

A Parallel Study of SAR Levels in Head Tissues for Three Antennas Used in Cellular Telephones: Monopole, Helix and Patch

Assessment of Human Head Exposure to Wireless Communication Devices: Combined Electromagnetic and Thermal Studies for Diverse Frequency Bands

Interaction of Dual Band Helical and Pifa Handset Antennas With Human Head and Hand

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