A Comparison of CMB- and HLA-Based Approaches to Type I Interoperability Reference Model Problems for COTS-Based Distributed Simulation

Abstract

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) simulation packages (CSPs) are software used by many simulation modellers to build and experiment with models of various systems in domains such as manufacturing, health, logistics and commerce. COTS distributed simulation deals with the interoperation of CSPs and their models. Such interoperability has been classified into six interoperability reference models. As part of an ongoing standardisation effort, this paper introduces the COTS Simulation Package Emulator, a proposed benchmark that can be used to investigate Type I interoperability problems in COTS distributed simulation. To demonstrate its use, two approaches to this form of interoperability are discussed, an implementation of the CMB conservative algorithm, an example of a so-called "light" approach, and an implementation of the HLA TAR algorithm, an example of a so-called "heavy" approach. Results from experimentation over four federation topologies are presented and it is shown the HLA approach out performs the CMB approach in almost all cases. The paper concludes that the CSPE benchmark is a valid basis from which the most efficient approach to Type I interoperability problems for COTS distributed simulation can be discovered.

Modeling the impact of work-zone traffic flows upon concrete construction: a high level architecture based simulation framework

“…A great deal of research has been conducted in both military (Wilcox et al 2000;Shen 1997;Gerner et al 1998) and civil domains (Waite 1999;Switzer 1999). It is becoming a research trend to integrate heterogeneous commercial-off-the-shelf discrete-event simulation packages (Taylor et al 2005). …”

"Simulação distribuída utilizando protocolos independentes e troca dinâmica nos processos lógicos"

“…Os protocolos de sincronização conservadores (Taylor et al, 2005, Teo et al, 2002 (Fujimoto, 2000, Boukerche & Tropper, 2001, Socany & Safarik, 2002, Taylor et al, 2005, Wilmarth et al, 2005 (Chandy & Misra, 1979) e independentemente por Byrant (Byrant, 1977) e é um dos mais conhecidos. O princípio de funcionamento do algoritmo é que por meio das mensagens trocadas entre os processos lógicos, cada um dos processos lógicos possa definir quais mensagens pode processar (sem erros de causa e efeito) e avançar na simulação.…”