A Comparison of Three Balance Methods for Calculating Ventilation Rates in Livestock Buildings

Pedersen, Søren; Takai, Hisamitsu; Johnsen, J.O.; Metz, J.H.M.; Koerkamp, P.W.G. Groot; Uenk, G.H.; Phillips, V.R.; Holden, Madronna; Sneath, R.W.; Short, J.L.; White, R.P.; Hartung, J.; Seedorf, J.; Schröder, Marc; Linkert, K.H.; Wathes, C. M.

doi:10.1006/jaer.1997.0276

Cited by 94 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As CO 2 from the houses is measured simultaneously with the other gases, CO 2 respired by the birds can be used as an internal tracer gas in calculating the gaseous emissions (Pedersen et al 1998;Gates et al 2005;Casey et al 2006;Xin et al 2009;Calvet et al 2011), and allows for differing losses from the houses due to different leakage rates through the roof and walls. The daily respired CO 2 was predicted using a bird respiration model (Xin et al 2009), which included bird numbers, total mass of birds, total heat production and respiratory quotient.…”

Section: Internal Tracer Gas Bird-respired Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from meat chicken houses. This study measured ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) in two trials from paired, commercial meat chicken houses using standard (control) and mitigation strategies. In Trial 1, emissions from houses with standard litter depth of 47 mm (LD 47 ) or increased litter depth of 67 mm (LD 67 ) were compared. When standardised to a 42-day-old bird, emissions were 11.9 g NH 3 /bird, 0.30 g N 2 O/bird and 0.16 g CH 4 /bird from the LD 47 and 11.7 g NH 3 /bird, 0.69 g N 2 O/bird and 0.12 g CH 4 /bird from the LD 67 . Emissions per kilogram of manure N were 0.14 and 0.11 for NH 3 -N, 0.003 and 0.005 N 2 O-N and CH 4 conversion factors were 0.08% and 0.05%. Total direct and indirect GHG emissions reported in carbon dioxide equivalents were found to be higher in LD 67 in response to the elevated direct N 2 O emissions. Trial 2 compared the impact of reduced crude protein (CP 19.8 ) and a standard diet (CP 21.3 ) developed using least-cost ration formulation, on emissions. Emissions per bird for the CP 19.8 diet were 7.7 g NH 3 /bird, 0.39 g N 2 O/bird and 0.14 g CH 4 /bird, while emissions from birds fed the CP 21.3 diet were 10.6 g NH 3 /bird, 0.42 g N 2 O/bird and 0.19 g CH 4 /bird. Significant differences were observed only in the NH 3 results, where emissions were reduced by 27% for the low-CP diet. Because of the low emission levels, total mitigation potential from indirect GHG emissions was relatively small in Trial 2, corresponding to 11 t carbon dioxide equivalents/year per million birds.

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Section: Internal Tracer Gas Bird-respired Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied

et al. 2016

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“…The RH data provided a supplemental indicator to the environmental conditions of the barn. Pedersen et al (1998) compared three balance methods for determining ventilation rate (VR) in livestock buildings. For uninsulated livestock buildings, only the CO 2 balance method was recommended because of the difficulties in estimating the heat transmission loss from the building.…”

Section: Measurement Protocols and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from a Typical Chinese Swine Farrowing Barn

Dong

Zhu²,

Shang³

et al. 2007

Transactions of the ASABE

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“…Various alternative methods have been proposed. Pedersen et al (1998) compared three approaches for the calculation of VR based on the balances of animal heat, moisture, and CO 2 , and they concluded that only the CO 2 balance approach is recommended for uninsulated buildings because of the difficulties in estimating the heat transmission loss from the building and in correcting for the water that evaporates from feed and wet surfaces. A sophisticated and expensive radioactive tracer gas technique has been investigated, and a good linear correlation has been reported between the results of the tracer gas technique and the CO 2 balance approach in a dairy barn (Samer et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimating Ventilation Rates of Animal Houses through CO2 Balance

2016

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ABSTRACT.The CO 2 production rates from various animal species were measured as well as the ventilation rates (VR) ffordable and reliable means to estimate ventilation rates (VR) of animal house is desirable for quantifying air emissions from animal operations. Traditional methods using fans or nozzles installed in the outlets of the animal house are expensive, time-consuming, and are to some extent limited to mechanically ventilated animal houses (Pedersen et al., 2008). Various alternative methods have been proposed. Pedersen et al. (1998) compared three approaches for the calculation of VR based on the balances of animal heat, moisture, and CO 2 , and they concluded that only the CO 2 balance approach is recommended for uninsulated buildings because of the difficulties in estimating the heat transmission loss from the building and in correcting for the water that evaporates from feed and wet surfaces. A sophisticated and expensive radioactive tracer gas technique has been investigated, and a good linear correlation has been reported between the results of the tracer gas technique and the CO 2 balance approach in a dairy barn (Samer et al., 2011). The CO 2 balance approach has been identified as a potential affordable alternative method to estimate VR of animal houses (Li et al., 2005;Xin et al., 2009), and it could be a viable method, especially for naturally ventilated livestock buildings, as no reliable and affordable method is currently available. However, the uncertainty of the approach is still not well understood. The CO 2 balance approach estimates VR based on the metabolic rate of animals (Van Ouwerkerk and Pedersen, 1994). The reliability of the CO 2 balance approach depends on the accuracy of the metabolic rate data of the animals and the amount of CO 2 that is not accounted for by metabolic CO 2 production, all of which requires further investigation, refinement, and validation.The CO 2 production rates from various animal species were measured as well as VR in environmental rooms at Michigan State University over the course of 15 studies. Although some of the studies have been published on topics of various dietary strategies to alter air emissions, the CO 2 production data in these studies have never been synthesized and published. The objectives of this article are to: (1) to summarize baseline data on CO 2 production rates from various animal species in these 15 studies and (2) to determine uncertainties of the CO 2 balance approach for estimating VR of animal houses by evaluating the model performance in these studies.

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A Comparison of Three Balance Methods for Calculating Ventilation Rates in Livestock Buildings

Cited by 94 publications

References 7 publications

Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied

Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from a Typical Chinese Swine Farrowing Barn

Estimating Ventilation Rates of Animal Houses through CO2 Balance

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