A comparison of vertical and tilted rain‐gages in estimated precipitation on Mountain watersheds

Abstract

When, in hydrologic research, we need to measure the cubic volume of water precipitated on a mountain drainage‐basin, conventional methods of precipitation‐measurement may be open to some question. In ordinary practice, for example, a number of standard rain‐gages may be installed in a watershed with their funnels in the usual horizontal plane. The depths of water caught in these gages may then be associated, by any one of several methods, with the projected (map) area of the watershed in order to calculate the total cubic volume of precipitation which fell on the watershed.

Comparative rain measurements and rain‐gage performances on a steep slope adjacent to a pine stand

“…In this study, the rows of gages which extended perpendicularly from the edge of stand were placed with their orifices parallel to the 40 per cent slope to reduce the second source of error. The effectiveness of this practice has been demonstrated [BROOKS, 1938a;PAGLIUCA, 1934;STOfiEY and HAMILTON, 1943;STOREY and WILM, 1944] . Nothing further was done to improve tie aerodynamics of these gages.…”

Rain shadow effects of individual shrub related to crown shape in arid desert

“…Rain shadow effects refer to the influence of plant morphological structures on the net rainfall occurring beneath and around the plant crown during a wind‐influenced rain event (Herwitz & Slye, ; Storey & Wilm, ). Rain shadow effects can be seen in the redistribution of rainfall to the ground, which significantly decreased rain amount in the rain shadow zone or even significantly increased in the windward zone (Grier & Running, ; Huning & Margulis, ; Manzano et al, ).…”