A Comparison Study of Growth Factor Expression following Treatment with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Saline Solution, Povidone-Iodine, and Lavender Oil in Wounds Healing

Abstract

This study compared the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), saline solution (SS), povidone-iodine (PI), and lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) through expression of growth factors in a rat model of wound healing. Six experimental groups were established, each containing 8 rats: a healthy group with no incision wounds, an incision-control group, an incision and TENS group, an incision and SS group, an incision and PI group, and an incision and lavender oil group. Experiments continued for 5 days, after which the skin in the excision area was removed. Tissue concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tissue expressions of EGF, PDGF-A, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 were determined using immunohistochemistry. Wound closure progressed more rapidly in the TENS and lavender oil groups than in the control and other study groups. In particular, PDGF-A expressions in the dermis and EGF expression in the epidermis were significantly intense in the TENS group (P < 0.05). In addition, ELISA levels of growth factors such as PDGF-A and EGF were significantly higher in TENS group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). These immunohistochemical and ELISA results suggest that TENS may improve wound healing through increasing growth factors in the dermis and epidermis more than other topical applications.

Antiseptic solutions modulate the paracrine‐like activity of bone chips: differential impact of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite

“…), povidone iodine increased expression PDGF‐A, EGF and FGF‐2 during wound closure (Koca Kutlu et al. ), and hydrogen peroxide activated the p38 MAPK pathway (Nishi et al. ).…”

“…Most research was performed on how antiseptics solutions change gene expression. For instance, hypochlorite suppressed IL-1a in epithelial cells (Mohri et al 2002), povidone iodine increased expression PDGF-A, EGF and FGF-2 during wound closure (Koca Kutlu et al 2013), and hydrogen peroxide activated the p38 MAPK pathway (Nishi et al 2015). It can thus not be ruled out that BCM obtained from bone chips treated with iodine and hydrogen peroxide also contains contaminations of the antiseptics; even if this is the case, iodine and hydrogen peroxide had no considerable impact on the expression of the selected gene panel and were thus not followed up in downstream experiments.…”

The efficacy of electrical stimulation in experimentally induced cutaneous wounds in animals

“…A study identified that pre‐operative pulsed ES led to an increase in the number of newly formed blood vessels and concluded that ES may lead to an increase in the release of angiogenic chemical mediators pre‐operatively . Increased expression of FGF‐2 in rats receiving TENS has been reported . The uses of different ES paradigms have also been investigated in the ischaemic rabbit ear wound model, where ES at 5 or 110 μs pulse duration was applied.…”

Estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem incrementa a cicatrização de lesões cutâneas crônicas: análise de seis casos

“…Skin ulcer treatment using electrical stimulation has been growing in the clinical practice 11 , because it is a low-cost option and it may accelerate the healing process, reducing treatment expenses 12 . In studies using animals, it has been suggested that electrical stimulation improves wound healing, increasing growth factors in the epidermis and dermis 13 .…”