A Comparison Study on the Characteristics of Nanofibrils Isolated from Fibers and Parenchyma Cells in Bamboo

Zhang, Xiaofeng; Huang, Hanxiao; Qing, Yan; Wang, Hankun; Li, Xingong

doi:10.3390/ma13010237

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Figure 1c exhibits the secondary electron image of extracted microfibrillated cellulose. Although there are many reports [24][25][26] on morphology of cellulose studied by a variety of techniques, secondary electron images are never reported. This manuscript reports the first-ever secondary electron image of microfibrillated cellulose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Microfibrillar Cellulose From Waste Paper by NaOH/Urethane Aqueous System and Its Utility in Removal of Lead from Contaminated Water

Sridhar

Park

2020

Materials

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Though recycling of waste paper is widely practiced but usually it is downgraded to lower valued recycled waste paper. Based on this concern, we report the development of novel NaOH/urethane aqueous system for extraction of microfibrillated cellulose from waste paper. The purity of so obtained microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was evaluated by morphological tests using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by evaluation of physicochemical properties using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Morphologies of MFC studied by SEM and TEM showed that the size of purified cellulose fibrils reduced when compared to that of waste paper but fibrils are cleaner and smoother due to the removal of talc and lignin. XRD analysis revealed that MFC exhibits good crystallinity. The utility of sulfonated and pristine microfibrillar cellulose in removal of lead from contaminated water is also reported. Our results show that renewable, sustainable, cheap, and waste biomass like waste paper can be used for producing valuable second-generation high-value products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Microfibrillar Cellulose From Waste Paper by NaOH/Urethane Aqueous System and Its Utility in Removal of Lead from Contaminated Water

Sridhar

Park

2020

Materials

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“…The addition of HLCNCs improves the material toughness and thermal stability to a greater extent than does the addition of BLCNCs. In another work by Zhang et al (2020), lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) were used to make films. The LCNF films displayed higher contact angles (66°-72°) than the CNF films (24°-26°), and LCNF films also had reduced stress at break (184 vs 160 MPa).…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobisation of lignocellulosic materials part I: physical modification

Rodríguez-Fabià¹,

Torstensen

Johansson³

et al. 2022

Cellulose

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This review is the first part of a comprehensive review of hydrophobisation of lignocellulosic materials. The purpose of this review has been to compare physical hydrophobisation methods of lignocellulosic materials. We have compared molecular physical adsorption with plasma etching and grafting. Adsorption methods are facile and rely upon the simple mixing or coating of the substrate with the hydrophobing agent. However, none of the surfactant-based methods reviewed here reach contact angles above 90°, making them unsuitable for applications where a high degree of hydrophobisation is required. Nevertheless, surfactant based methods are well suited for compatibilising the lignocellulosic material with a hydrophobic matrix/polymer in cases where only a slight decrease in the hydrophilicity of the lignocellulosic substrate is required. On the other hand, wax- and lignin-based coatings can provide high hydrophobicity to the substrates. Plasma etching requires a more complex set-up but is relatively cheap. By physically etching the surface with or without the deposition of a hydrophobic coating, the material is rendered hydrophobic, reaching contact angles well above 120°. A major drawback of this method is the need for a plasma etching set-up, and some researchers co-deposit fluorine-based layers, which have a negative environmental impact. An alternative is plasma grafting, where single molecules are grafted on, initiated by radicals formed in the plasma. This method also requires a plasma set-up, but the vast majority of hydrophobic species can be grafted on. Examples include fatty acids, silanes and alkanes. Contact angles well above 110° are achieved by this method, and both fluorine and non-toxic species may be used for grafting. Graphical abstract

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“…In the second stage (250-300 • C), when hemicellulose began thermal degradation, the CK groups exhibited obvious mass loss, and among the nine groups of delignified samples, only the C2 group had a large amount of mass loss. It may be that there are many parenchyma cells attached to the fiber bundle-parenchyma cells contain more hemicellulose than fiber cells, so the maximum thermal degradation temperature (T max ) appears at this stage [23]. The third stage (300-350 • C) was the thermal degradation of cellulose.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Delignification and Drying Methods on Fiber Properties of Moso Bamboo

et al. 2022

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Bamboo has become an important kind of fibrous raw material in the world due to its fast-growing property and abundance of natural fiber. During the purification and utilization of bamboo fiber, the removal of lignin is vital and it is affected by the chemical treatment system and drying method. In this paper, the effects of three different delignification chemical systems and three drying methods (air drying, drying and freeze drying) on the physical and chemical properties of bamboo fiber were comparatively studied. The results prove that all three delignification techniques can effectively remove lignin from wood, and by utilizing peroxyformic acid and alkaline sodium sulfite, hemicellulose can be removed to a certain extent. With the selective removal of amorphous hemicellulose and lignin and the hydrolysis of cellulose molecular chains in amorphous regions, all three treatments contributed to an increase in the relative crystallinity of cellulose (ranging from 55% to 60%). Moreover, it was found that the drying methods exerted a certain influence on the mechanical properties of fiber. For instance, drying or air drying would improve the tensile strength of fiber significantly, approximately 2–3.5 times that of original bamboo fiber, and the tensile strength of the drying group reached 850–890 MPa. In addition, the alkaline sodium sulfite treatment had little effect on the thermal stability of bamboo fiber, resulting in high thermal stability of the prepared samples, and the residual mass reached 25–37%. On the contrary, the acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide method exerted great influence on the thermal stability of bamboo fiber, giving rise to a relatively poor thermal stability of prepared fibers, and the residual mass was only about 15%. Among the three drying methods, samples under air drying treatment had the highest residual mass, while those under freeze drying had the lowest. To summarize, the alkaline sodium sulfite method is more suitable for preparing bamboo fiber with higher tensile strength and thermal stability.

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A Comparison Study on the Characteristics of Nanofibrils Isolated from Fibers and Parenchyma Cells in Bamboo

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Extraction of Microfibrillar Cellulose From Waste Paper by NaOH/Urethane Aqueous System and Its Utility in Removal of Lead from Contaminated Water

Extraction of Microfibrillar Cellulose From Waste Paper by NaOH/Urethane Aqueous System and Its Utility in Removal of Lead from Contaminated Water

Hydrophobisation of lignocellulosic materials part I: physical modification

Effects of Different Delignification and Drying Methods on Fiber Properties of Moso Bamboo

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