A Comprehensive Study of Density, Viscosity, and Electrical Conductivity of (Choline Chloride + Glycerol) Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Mixtures with Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Abstract

The data for density (ρ) and the transport properties viscosity (η) and electrical conductivity (κ) of a deep eutectic solvent (DES), glyceline, composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol at a 1:2 molar ratio are presented. Density was determined in the temperature range from T = (278.15 to 363.15) K, while measurements for η and κ were performed at T = (278.15 to 368.15) K and T = (278.15 to 338.15) K, respectively. The results were compared to the corresponding data provided in the literature, and their possible discrepancies are discussed. Additionally, ρ(T), η(T), and κ(T) were determined for mixtures of glyceline with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) covering an entire miscibility range. For both neat DES and its mixtures, density data vary linearly with temperature, whereas η(T) and κ(T) were best fit by the empirical Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann equation. For the {glyceline+DMSO} system, the analysis of excess molar properties revealed that observed deviations from ideal density are mainly caused by packing effects. Nevertheless, the presence of strong Hbonding is supported by the sign and temperature dependence of excess viscosity. Similar to concentrated solutions of conventional electrolytes, the conductivity of {glyceline+DMSO} mixtures shows a pronounced maximum. Expectedly, its position depends significantly on temperature but is also sensitive to the type of a hydrogen bond donor used to prepare the DES.

Evaluation of hybrid solvents featuring choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents and ethanol as extractants for the liquid–liquid extraction of benzene from n-hexane: towards a green and sustainable paradigm

“…This is evident from the sharp steep in negative slope of viscosity profile in Fig. 12 and it is in agreement with the findings of similar work in this regard [ 29 , 32 ]. For example, a decrease of 20.7% in viscosity was achieved with 20% EtOH addition while the drop in viscosity at 50% EtOH is 30.17%.…”

“…In this regard, several studies have been conducted to mitigate the viscosity of DESs by blending with organic solvents. Some of the organic solvents explored include methanol [ 29 ], ethanol [ 30 , 31 ], dimethyl sulfoxide [ 32 ]. The considerably lower viscosities of the organic solvents in comparison with DESs or ionic liquids (ILs) suggest that the former should have a thinning effect on the latter.…”

A Novel Electrochemical Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Black and Glyceline Deep Eutectic Solvent within a Crosslinked Chitosan Film for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Diclofenac

“…Electrical conductivities, κ (mS cm −1 ), of the synthesized DES (reline, ethaline, and glyceline) are displayed in Table S1 in the SI. The measured conductivities values of 0.58±0.01, 8.3±0.1, and 4.7±0.1 mS cm −1 , respectively, for reline, ethaline, and glyceline agree with the conductivities reported in the literature (0.75, 7.6 and 1.8 mS cm −1 ) [6, 51–54]. Showing no significant differences between the values found and those from the literature are observed.…”

“…One of the most commonly used HBA is choline chloride (ChCl) due to its abundance, low cost, and biodegradability. The most applied HBD are urea, ethylene glycol, and glycerol [4–6], and the eutectic solvents resulting from the mixtures with choline chloride have been referred to in the literature [7–10] as reline, ethaline, and glyceline, respectively.…”

Time‐Dependent Hydrogen Bond Network Formation in Glycerol‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…[41,42] A second approach introduces water as an external HBD added to type III DES, modifying their properties. [43] Similarly to ILs, [44] addition of water to glyceline can significantly reduce its density [45,46] and viscosity, [47] but also increase the electrical conductivity, [48] transport properties [49] or heat capacity, [50] due to the decreased molecular packing intensity resulting from more water-HBA/ HBD and less HBA-HBD interactions. [51] Consequently, addition of small water fractions to glyceline can facilitate its applications, e. g. biodiesel production, [52] induce the micellization of surfactants in DES [53] or improve the yield of a reaction in a medium.…”