A Novel Electrochemical Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Black and Glyceline Deep Eutectic Solvent within a Crosslinked Chitosan Film for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Diclofenac

Abstract

Glyceline, reline, or ethaline deep eutectic solvents and carbon black nanoparticles within a crosslinked chitosan film are investigated as glassy carbon electrode modifiers for the first time. The selected 5 mg mL−1 glyceline modified GCE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and diclofenac by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) presented limits of detection of 2.6×10−8 and 5.2×10−8 mol L−1 for acetaminophen and diclofenac, respectively, in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The obtained results were compared with those obtained by HPLC at a confidence level of 95 %.

Enhancing the electrochemical sensitivity of hydroquinone using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based carbon paste electrode

“…Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that HDES formed a thick layer on graphite, blocking the graphite particles; this led to an increase in CPE resistance and a decrease in the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant ( k app ), resulting in a decline of the analytical signal. 56 This behavior was also clearly evident in the CPE modified with 30.0% HDES; this electrode displayed the highest resistance and showed no traces of a redox process (data not shown).…”

“…In light of the above considerations, it is clear that there has been increasingly growing interest among researchers in the application of DES in electrochemistry with a view to developing highly efficient DES-modied electrodes for electrochemical analysis. 55,56 In this context, taking the suitable properties of HDES into account (hydrophobicity, viscosity, and low volatility), this work aimed, for the rst time, to prepare carbon paste electrodes using different types and ratios of HDES for the modication of CPE. The proposed electrode was subjected to electrochemical and morphological characterization in order to evaluate the effects of the HDES in the carbon paste.…”

Electrochemical Sensing Platform Based on Graphene Oxide‐chitosan for Simultaneous Determination of some Antihypertensive Drugs

“…Chitosan is a common nanomaterial which exhibits several desired characteristics such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, nontoxicity, excellent water permeability and good film-forming ability [15,[21][22].When chitosan (CS) dispersed in acidic media, carries positive charges (NH 3…”

“…Chitosan is a common nanomaterial which exhibits several desired characteristics such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, nontoxicity, excellent water permeability and good film‐forming ability [15, 21–22].When chitosan (CS) dispersed in acidic media, carries positive charges (NH 3 + ) which facilitates adsorption of negatively charged species. In other words, the primary amine groups of CS backbone leads to grafting it on GO sheets that can helps formation of a stable GO‐CS nanocomposite via covalent bond formation [23].…”

Determination of Anti‐Parkinson Drug Pramipexole Using a Label‐free Biosensor and Evaluation of its Interaction with ds‐DNA

“…All of these methods, in addition to their advantages, have some disadvantages, including the need for expensive tools, reagents for extraction, organic solvents, and time [8][9][10][11]; thereby highlighting the necessity for the development of simple, reliable, and sensitive analytical methods to detect the PPX. One of such techniques is electrochemical methods owing to their unique properties like miniaturization, high sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity and reliability [12][13][14][15].…”