A comprehensive study of planting density and nitrogen fertilization effect on dual-purpose hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation

Tang, Kaixue; Struik, P.C.; Yin, Xinyou; Calzolari, Davide; Musio, Salvatore; Thouminot, Claire; Bjelková, Marie; Stramkale, Veneranda; Magagnini, Gianmaria; Amaducci, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.033

Cited by 90 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…ʽBialobrzeskie᾽ and ʽFelina 32᾽). Comparable results were reported by Struik et al (2000), Aubin et al (2015), Campiglia et al (2017) and Tang et al (2017). The highest biomass yield, stem dry weight and inflorescences weight was observed in the cultivar 'Futura 75' under all nitrogen fertilizer rates, which is in agreement with previous research .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Papastylianou

Kakabouki

Travlos

2018

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Fibre hemp is grown for a multitude of end products derived from its cannabinoids, seed, fibre and wooden core. A key factor that influences the quantity and quality of the production of hemp is nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to determine the response of five well-adapted industrial hemp cultivars to different nitrogen fertilization rates during the 2016 growing season. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with two replicates, five main plots (hemp cultivars: 'Bialobrzeskie', 'Tygra', 'Felina 32', 'Sanhtica 27', 'Futura 75') and sub-plots [fertilization treatments: control (N0), fertilizer 46-0-0 at 120 kg ha -1 (N1), 180 kg ha -1 (N2), 240 kg ha -1 (N3)]. For the computation of height, biomass yield, stem dry weight, length and weight of the inflorescences and mean seed weight, 10 plants were randomly selected in each plot. In general, increasing N fertilization rate positively impacts hemp biomass yield, stem dry weight, plant height, and inflorescence indices. Biomass yield, stem dry weight and inflorescence weight increased by 37.3%, 48.2% and 16%, respectively, with the application of 240 kg N ha -1 when compared with the unfertilized control. Plant height and inflorescence length increased from 1.66 to 1.76 m and from 66.2 to 82.9 cm, respectively, with the application of the higher N rate compared with the control, while there were no significant differences between the fertilization treatments for mean seed weight. The varieties 'Tygra' and 'Futura 75' showed the highest values for all the measurement characters. Our results indicate that hemp responded well to the addition of N fertilizer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Papastylianou

Kakabouki

Travlos

2018

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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“…The dichotomous seedlings will emerge from the soil within one week from sowing under favourable environmental conditions (Doorenbos et al, 1971). The seedlings are highly competitive as they germinate earlier than most summer annuals, grow rapidly and shade-out completion with dense, broad leaves (Zatta et al, 2012;Tang et al, 2017). During the seedling stage, C. sativa exhibits higher susceptiblity to pathogens, diseases and more established competition (Doorenbos et al, 1971;Rana and Chaoudhary, 2010).…”

Section: Seedling and Subsequent Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It prefers soils that have a neutral to slightly alkaline pH levels, and the soil should not be tightly compacted, as this can stunt the growth of the taproot (Agrifutures, 2017). The deep taproot improves soil quality by drawing deeper buried nutrients up to the top soil, where the majority of its root system is located (Amaducci et al, 2008;Zatta et al, 2012;Agrifutures, 2017;Tang et al, 2017). These enhanced nutrient levels provided by C. sativa improve the quality of the soil for the subsequent winter crops , and thus make it a desirable rotational crop.…”

Section: Cultivation Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mature plants have been identified to have a high resistance to pests and its broad leaves and fast growth rate repress weed invasions, thus requiring little or no herbicide or pesticide treatments (Nisson et al, 2010;Zatta et al, 2012;Mukhtar et al, 2013). It has high water and nitrogen use efficiency, requiring little irrigated water and lower quantities of fertilizers for production compared to other mainstream grain and fibre crops (Zatta et al, 2012;Tang et al, 2017). However, despite this crop being low maintenance, its fibre and grain yields are highly dependent on environmental cues, and as a consequence, the initial task of finding the optimal cultivar for a particular environment can take a considerable amount of time and effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this step is critical for obtaining economically viable crop yields and for maximising agricultural investments (Hall et al, 2012;Hall et al, 2014a). Because of this sensitivity to its growing milieu, considerable research is required for identifying and developing cultivars that are suitable for dual-purpose production in order to meet the economic demands of the C. sativa industry (Bertoli et al, 2010;Tang et al, 2017), and currently, such work is being widely undertaken throughout Europe (Multihemp, 2017). Similar work in the Mediterranean has found that suitable dual-purpose C. sativa varieties differed between locations, highlighting that site-specific research is essential for obtaining optimal grain and fibre biomass (Tang et al, 2016;Campiglia et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cultivation of low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa L. cultivation in Victoria, Australia: Do we know enough?

Humphries

Florentine

2019

Aust J Crop Sci

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Late 2017, the ban on the cultivation and consumption of low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa L. in Victoria, was lifted by the Federal Government of Australia. Its legalization presents the opportunity for Victoria to become a leading producer and distributer of these economically valuable hemp products. However, as a novel crop to Victoria, there is little information available for obtaining economically viable yields. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to firstly, develop an understanding of the environmental requirements shared by C. sativa cultivars, and what conditions promote fibre and grain yields. Secondly, it seeks to identify what farming practices have been conducted throughout Europe, Canada and China, and to explore whether these practices could be adapted to Victoria. Thirdly, the review will assist in making recommendations regarding which cultivars would be 'potential' candidates for commencing trials under Victorian climates so to find out the varieties that can provide high yields for fibre, grain and dual-purpose production. This review notes that Victoria shares a similar climate to central Europe, and has an ideal climate for the development of a successful hemp industry, as it has suitable lengths of daylight throughout spring and summer months and meets the precipitation requirements. This review has thus strongly suggested that the properties and attributes of European varieties of C. sativa should be further researched for site-specific cultivation in Victoria for fibre, grain and dual-purpose production in order to maximise harvest yields.

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How do pinching and plant density affect industrial hemp produced for cannabinoids in open field conditions?

2021

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Information regarding agronomic practices for field-scale industrial hemp (IH) production for cannabinoids is extremely limited. The objective of this study was to investigate how pinching practice (i.e., removing the apical meristem) and varied plant density affect yield and cannabinoid production of IH in open field conditions. A field trial was performed in northern Florida in 2019 and 2020. The pinching study included pinch and non-pinch treatments evaluated on two commercially available day-length-sensitive IH cultivars Cherry Blossom (CBL) and Cherry Wine (CW). Four plant densities (3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 12,000 plants ha -1 ) were evaluated on CW. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Total flower yield in 2019 was two times greater than in 2020. In 2020, total tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD) in CBL was significantly greater than in CW. Pinching did not significantly improve flower yield, cannabinoid concentration, or CBD production. Flower yield per plant decreased as plant density increased, but a reversed trend occurred for total flower yield per hectare. Cannabinoid concentration was not affected by plant density, but CBD production increased with increased plant density. Due to the high cost of IH plant material and labor, greater plant density does not always guarantee greater economic return. This study provides valuable information for field-scale cultivation of IH for cannabinoids and supports the development of a large agricultural industry globally.

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A comprehensive study of planting density and nitrogen fertilization effect on dual-purpose hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation

Cited by 90 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Cultivation of low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa L. cultivation in Victoria, Australia: Do we know enough?

How do pinching and plant density affect industrial hemp produced for cannabinoids in open field conditions?

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